[NatureNS] Viburnum Leaf Beetle

From: David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.com>
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
References: <20121025094953.60124q03x7wcgn8k@wm3.dal.ca>
Date: Tue, 30 Oct 2012 21:12:30 -0300
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Hi Chris & All,                    Oct 30, 2012
    There is in most plants a large overcapacity for photosynthesis if =
otherwise relatively unstressed. Consequently defoliation is likely to =
kill plants only if it is early, nearly total and repeated for 2 or more =
years; e.g. eruptions of Spruce Budworm & Gypsy Moth. Defoliation of =
Poplar by Army Worms looks deadly but is I think usually harmless =
because it it fleeting. The same goes for defoliation of Alders by =
various leaf feeders.

Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville


  ----- Original Message -----=20
  From: Christopher Majka=20
  To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
  Sent: Tuesday, October 30, 2012 6:32 PM
  Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Viburnum Leaf Beetle


  Hi David,


  On 30-Oct-12, at 6:15 PM, David Patriquin wrote:


    Thanks Chris Majka for the expert info. Do you have any comments on =
the damage it has caused to witherod in areas where it occurs in N.S.?



  Well, this is how we concluded our paper:


  "Thus far, the impact of P. viburni in this region has not been noted =
to be significant, although occasional significant defoliation of shrubs =
has been reported (G. Selig pers. comm.). Weston and Desurmont (2002) =
wrote that, "Viburnum leaf beetle has the potential to become a major =
landscape pest because of its ability to kill susceptible viburnums if =
allowed to defoliate shrubs for several years in succession." Young =
(2004) wrote that, "Heavy infestations ... could defoliate shrubs, cause =
dieback, and eventually kill plants. Costs to homeowners, parks, =
arboretums, municipalities, and nurseries to manage heavy infestations =
... and to replace killed plants could be high. Quarantines imposed ... =
would represent an economic burden to the many growers who export =
nursery stock ...." Given such concerns, ongoing monitoring of =
populations of P. viburni in the region would not be imprudent."


  Gary Selig showed me photos of Viburnum plants in Bridgewater that had =
been significantly defoliated (year after year) by P. viburni. In other =
areas where I have found the beetle, for example in Halifax and Salt =
Springs, the damage has been much less severe. I've certainly never seen =
extensive defoliation such as has been found in areas in New England =
where the beetle is found.


  Also, the distribution of the Viburnum leaf beetle in the Maritimes =
has been (at least until this point) spotty and localized. In many areas =
where I've looked at Viburnum there has been no sign of the beetle at =
all.


  Cheers!


  Chris


    Quoting Christopher Majka <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca>:


      Hi David,



      On 30-Oct-12, at 3:25 PM, David Patriquin wrote:



        Speaking of pests, Gary Saunders of McPhail Woods in PEI gave a  =
wonderful presentation to the NS Wild Flora Society last week on   =
"Restoring the Acadian Forest" in which he mentioned that an  invasive =
pest is aggressively chewing down witherod (wild raisin) in  PEI, =
something I think we should be on the lookout for in NS.    I  believe =
it is the Viburnum Leaf Beetle, =
http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=3D74367&lang=3Df

        It has been sighted in Nova Scotia on domestic Vibrunums (2005), =
and  possibly as early as 1924.

        http://www.hort.cornell.edu/vlb/csphoto.html

        http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=3DafficheN&cpsidt=3D18705014

        http://www.entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2007/Summer/ =
Weston.pdf



      Laurent LeSage and I wrote a paper on Pyrrhalta viburni (the =
Viburnum  Leaf Beetle) in the Maritime Provinces back in 2007:



      Majka, C.G., and LeSage, L. 2007. Introduced leaf beetles of the  =
Maritime Provinces, 3: the Viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni  =
(Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the  Entomological =
Society of Washington 109(2): 454-462.



      A PDF version of the paper is available at:



      =
http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/Pyrrhalta_viburni.pdf



      We were the ones that reported the earliest North American records =
of  the species from 1924 collected in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.



      We posited two possible pathways of introduction:



      1. In relation to the early habitations in the area dating from =
1605  (and, indeed, in preliminary data from the area, the proportion of =
 introduced beetles in the area of Annapolis Royal appears to be twice  =
as high as the provincial average); and



      2. In association with the Annapolis Royal Nurseries, the largest =
and  most comprehensive horticultural nursery in eastern Canada =
established  in 1885. By checking historical catalogues were able to =
ascertain that  in 1927 the Nurseries were selling three exotic =
Palearctic species of  Viburnum (V. opulus L., V. tomentosum Shasta, and =
V. plicatum Thunb.).



      There is much more detail and information in the paper itself. In =
any  event, the Viburnum Leaf Beetle is now widely established in the  =
Maritime Provinces including large areas of the mainland of Nova  =
Scotia. The earliest records from both Prince Edward Island and New  =
Brunswick are from 1995.



      All the best,



      Chris





      Christopher Majka  <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca> | Halifax, Nova =
Scotia,  Canada



      * Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum | =
http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm

      * Review Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin | =
http://www.coleopsoc.org/

      * Subject Editor: ZooKeys | =
http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index

      * Review Editor: Zootaxa | =
http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html

      * Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society | =
http://www.acadianes.org/journal.html

      * Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera | =
http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html

      * Editor: Bugguide, Coleoptera http://bugguide.net



      Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old =
war- horse at the sound of a trumpet. - Charles Darwin








    David Patriquin
    6165 Murray Place
    Halifax, N.S.
    Canada B3H 1R9
    e-mail: patriqui@dal.ca
    Phone: 902-4235716

    Professor of Biology (retired)
    Dalhousie University http://www.dal.ca

    Halifax Field Naturalists http://halifaxfieldnaturalists.ca
    Nova Scotia Wild Flora Society http://nswildflora.ca
    Young Naturalists Club of Nova Scotia http://ync.nature1st.net/
    Woodens River Watershed Environmental Organization http://wrweo.ca
    Control of Chinch Bug without Pesticides http://versicolor.ca/lawns








  Christopher Majka  <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca> | Halifax, Nova Scotia, =
Canada


  * Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum | =
http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm
  * Review Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin | =
http://www.coleopsoc.org/
  * Subject Editor: ZooKeys | =
http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index
  * Review Editor: Zootaxa | =
http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html
  * Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society | =
http://www.acadianes.org/journal.html
  * Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera | =
http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html
  * Editor: Bugguide, Coleoptera http://bugguide.net


  Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old =
war-horse at the sound of a trumpet. - Charles Darwin


  No virus found in this message.
  Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
  Version: 2013.0.2742 / Virus Database: 2617/5861 - Release Date: =
10/29/12

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style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
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<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Hi Chris &amp; All,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Oct 30,=20
2012</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There is in most plants a large=20
overcapacity for photosynthesis if otherwise relatively unstressed. =
Consequently=20
defoliation is likely to kill plants only&nbsp;if it is early, nearly =
total and=20
repeated for 2 or more years; e.g.&nbsp;eruptions of Spruce Budworm =
&amp; Gypsy=20
Moth. Defoliation of Poplar by Army Worms looks deadly but is I think =
usually=20
harmless because it it fleeting. The same goes for defoliation of Alders =
by=20
various leaf feeders.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
dir=3Dltr>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
  <A title=3Dc.majka@ns.sympatico.ca=20
  href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">Christopher Majka</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
  href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A> =
</DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, October 30, 2012 =
6:32=20
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NatureNS] =
Viburnum Leaf=20
  Beetle</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>Hi David,
  <DIV><BR>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>On 30-Oct-12, at 6:15 PM, David Patriquin wrote:</DIV><BR=20
  class=3DApple-interchange-newline>
  <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
    <DIV>Thanks Chris Majka for the expert info. Do you have any =
comments on the=20
    damage it has caused to witherod in areas where it occurs in=20
  N.S.?<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Well, this is how we concluded our paper:</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>"Thus far, the impact of <I>P. viburni </I>in this region has not =
been=20
  noted to be significant, although occasional significant defoliation =
of shrubs=20
  has been reported (G. Selig pers. comm.). Weston and Desurmont (2002) =
wrote=20
  that, "Viburnum leaf beetle has the potential to become a major =
landscape pest=20
  because of its ability to kill susceptible viburnums if allowed to =
defoliate=20
  shrubs for several years in succession." Young (2004) wrote that, =
"Heavy=20
  infestations ... could defoliate shrubs, cause dieback, and eventually =
kill=20
  plants. Costs to homeowners, parks, arboretums, municipalities, and =
nurseries=20
  to manage heavy infestations ... and to replace killed plants could be =
high.=20
  Quarantines imposed ... would represent an economic burden to the many =
growers=20
  who export nursery stock ...." Given such concerns, ongoing monitoring =
of=20
  populations of <I>P. viburni</I> in the region would not be =
imprudent."</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Gary Selig showed me photos of Viburnum plants in Bridgewater =
that had=20
  been significantly defoliated (year after year) by <I>P. viburni</I>. =
In other=20
  areas where I have found the beetle, for example in Halifax and Salt =
Springs,=20
  the damage has been much less severe. I've certainly never seen =
extensive=20
  defoliation such as has been found in areas in New England where the =
beetle is=20
  found.</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Also, the distribution of the&nbsp;Viburnum leaf beetle in the =
Maritimes=20
  has been (at least until this point) spotty and localized. In many =
areas where=20
  I've looked at Viburnum there has been no sign of the beetle at =
all.</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Cheers!</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Chris</DIV></DIV><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
    <DIV>Quoting Christopher Majka &lt;<A=20
    =
href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A>&gt;:<=
BR><BR>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Hi David,<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">On 30-Oct-12, at 3:25 PM, David Patriquin=20
      wrote:<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
      <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Speaking of pests, Gary Saunders of =
McPhail=20
        Woods in PEI gave a &nbsp;wonderful presentation to the NS Wild =
Flora=20
        Society last week on &nbsp;&nbsp;"Restoring the Acadian Forest" =
in which=20
        he mentioned that an &nbsp;invasive pest is aggressively chewing =
down=20
        witherod (wild raisin) in &nbsp;PEI, something I think we should =
be on=20
        the lookout for in NS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I &nbsp;believe it is =
the=20
        Viburnum Leaf Beetle, <A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=3D74367&amp;lang=3D=
f">http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=3D74367&amp;lang=3Df</=
A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
      <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">It has been sighted in Nova Scotia on =
domestic=20
        Vibrunums (2005), and &nbsp;possibly as early as=20
    1924.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
      <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.hort.cornell.edu/vlb/csphoto.html">http://www.hort.cor=
nell.edu/vlb/csphoto.html</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
      <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=3DafficheN&amp;cpsidt=3D18705014">ht=
tp://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=3DafficheN&amp;cpsidt=3D18705014</A><BR></BLOC=
KQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
      <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2007/Summer/">ht=
tp://www.entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2007/Summer/</A>=20
        Weston.pdf<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Laurent LeSage and I wrote a paper on =
Pyrrhalta=20
      viburni (the Viburnum &nbsp;Leaf Beetle) in the Maritime Provinces =
back in=20
      2007:<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Majka, C.G., and LeSage, L. 2007. =
Introduced leaf=20
      beetles of the &nbsp;Maritime Provinces, 3: the Viburnum leaf =
beetle=20
      Pyrrhalta viburni &nbsp;(Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). =
Proceedings=20
      of the &nbsp;Entomological Society of Washington 109(2):=20
    454-462.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">A PDF version of the paper is available=20
    at:<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><SPAN style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: pre"=20
      class=3DApple-tab-span></SPAN><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/Pyrrhalta_viburni.p=
df">http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/Pyrrhalta_viburni.pdf</=
A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">We were the ones that reported the =
earliest North=20
      American records of &nbsp;the species from 1924 collected in =
Annapolis=20
      Royal, Nova Scotia.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">We posited two possible pathways of=20
      introduction:<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">1. In relation to the early habitations in =
the=20
      area dating from 1605 &nbsp;(and, indeed, in preliminary data from =
the=20
      area, the proportion of &nbsp;introduced beetles in the area of =
Annapolis=20
      Royal appears to be twice &nbsp;as high as the provincial =
average);=20
    and<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">2. In association with the Annapolis Royal =

      Nurseries, the largest and &nbsp;most comprehensive horticultural =
nursery=20
      in eastern Canada established &nbsp;in 1885. By checking =
historical=20
      catalogues were able to ascertain that &nbsp;in 1927 the Nurseries =
were=20
      selling three exotic Palearctic species of &nbsp;Viburnum (V. =
opulus L.,=20
      V. tomentosum Shasta, and V. plicatum Thunb.).<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">There is much more detail and information =
in the=20
      paper itself. In any &nbsp;event, the Viburnum Leaf Beetle is now =
widely=20
      established in the &nbsp;Maritime Provinces including large areas =
of the=20
      mainland of Nova &nbsp;Scotia. The earliest records from both =
Prince=20
      Edward Island and New &nbsp;Brunswick are from =
1995.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">All the best,<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Chris<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Christopher Majka &nbsp;&lt;<A=20
      =
href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A>&gt; =
|=20
      Halifax, Nova Scotia, &nbsp;Canada<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum | =
<A=20
      =
href=3D"http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm">http://museum.gov.=
ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Review Editor: The Coleopterists =
Bulletin | <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.coleopsoc.org/">http://www.coleopsoc.org/</A><BR></BLO=
CKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Subject Editor: ZooKeys | <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index">http://=
pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Review Editor: Zootaxa | <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html">http://www.m=
apress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian =

      Entomological Society | <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.acadianes.org/journal.html">http://www.acadianes.org/j=
ournal.html</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera | <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html">http://=
www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">* Editor: Bugguide, Coleoptera <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://bugguide.net">http://bugguide.net</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">Whenever I hear of the capture of rare =
beetles, I=20
      feel like an old war- horse at the sound of a trumpet. - Charles=20
    Darwin<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR>David =
Patriquin<BR>6165=20
    Murray Place<BR>Halifax, N.S.<BR>Canada B3H 1R9<BR>e-mail: <A=20
    href=3D"mailto:patriqui@dal.ca">patriqui@dal.ca</A><BR>Phone:=20
    902-4235716<BR><BR>Professor of Biology (retired)<BR>Dalhousie =
University <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.dal.ca">http://www.dal.ca</A><BR><BR>Halifax =
Field=20
    Naturalists <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://halifaxfieldnaturalists.ca">http://halifaxfieldnaturalists=
.ca</A><BR>Nova=20
    Scotia Wild Flora Society <A=20
    href=3D"http://nswildflora.ca">http://nswildflora.ca</A><BR>Young =
Naturalists=20
    Club of Nova Scotia <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://ync.nature1st.net/">http://ync.nature1st.net/</A><BR>Woode=
ns=20
    River Watershed Environmental Organization <A=20
    href=3D"http://wrweo.ca">http://wrweo.ca</A><BR>Control of Chinch =
Bug without=20
    Pesticides <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://versicolor.ca/lawns">http://versicolor.ca/lawns</A><BR><BR=
><BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV><BR><BR>
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BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; WHITE-SPACE: =
normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); =
WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; =
BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; WHITE-SPACE: =
normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); =
WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; =
BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; WHITE-SPACE: =
normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); =
WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; =
BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; WHITE-SPACE: =
normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); =
WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space">
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>Christopher Majka &nbsp;&lt;<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A>&gt;=20
  |&nbsp;Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum =
|&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm">http://museum.gov.=
ns.ca/mnh/research-asfr.htm</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Review Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin =
|&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.coleopsoc.org/">http://www.coleopsoc.org/</A></SPAN></=
FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Subject Editor: ZooKeys |&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index">http://=
pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/index</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>=

  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Review Editor: Zootaxa |&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html">http://www.m=
apress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.html</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian=20
  Entomological Society |&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.acadianes.org/journal.html">http://www.acadianes.org/j=
ournal.html</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera =
|&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html">http://=
www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/index.html</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>=

  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>* Editor: Bugguide, Coleoptera&nbsp;<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://bugguide.net">http://bugguide.net</A></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><I><FONT class=3DApple-style-span size=3D3><SPAN =
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>Whenever I hear of the capture of =
rare&nbsp;beetles, I=20
  feel like an old war-horse at the sound of a =
trumpet.</SPAN></FONT></I><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space><FONT class=3DApple-style-span =
size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12px"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT =
class=3DApple-style-span=20
  size=3D3><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12px" class=3DApple-style-span>-=20
  =
Charles&nbsp;Darwin</SPAN></FONT></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DI=
V></DIV></DIV></SPAN></DIV></SPAN></DIV></SPAN></DIV></SPAN></DIV></SPAN>=
</DIV><BR><A></A>
  <P align=3Dleft color=3D"#000000" avgcert??>No virus found in this=20
  message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A=20
  href=3D"http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 2013.0.2742 / =
Virus=20
  Database: 2617/5861 - Release Date: =
10/29/12</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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