next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
Index of Subjects
=20
We should fight the things we can fight and influence such as =
clearcutting, unnecessary roads, poor land use and wetland loss.
We can do all measure of things: fighting invasives broadly, spraying =
the budworm with bacteria and sprays, introducing organisms to fight =
adelgid or the sanitary removal of diseased hemlock. Or we can protect =
forest processes by reducing cutting frequency and intensity (this will =
mean less nutrient and organic matter, structure and carbon removal), =
using shelterwood management (maintains shade and moisture and =
structure), protecting by buffers ravines (shade and moisture) and =
wetland corridors, and setting up mature forest corridors (birds, =
mammals, herbs...and...?) throughout the forest. We cant stop this =
climate change but we can make our forests as healthy as we can. The =
forests will be dynamic and we can protect mature forest processes but =
not determine what the eventual forest will look like.
=20
Losing some hemlock stands does suck but any reactive response to =
adelgid can be seen in a larger perspective of processes.=20
Let's fix unsound forestry practices and let the forest take care of =
itself. We would be pleasantly surprised on balance. Less hemlock, more =
yellow birch,white pine, red spruce and in 50 years, our forest may have =
changed again.
=20
Nick
=20
=20
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap/10?0::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:76019
a PhD thesis on hemlock riparian forest in Va and WV (K Martin 2012 Ohio =
State)
Hemlock forests exhibit low species richness, and thus have low =
resiliency. In uninvaded forests of Ohio, hemlock dominates the =
vegetation, although other species are structured by environmental =
gradients. Structural equation modeling indicates hemlock has a negative =
influence on vegetation species richness, light availability and =
productivity. Thus, a likely future HWA arrival will result in a =
complete reorganization of these ecosystems, but impacts will differ =
across environmental gradients. Data from sites impacted by HWA 9-32 =
years in West Virginia and Virginia indicate all hemlock forests will =
likely be impacted. Although mortality is initially slowed at higher =
elevations and on steeper slopes with northerly aspects, eventually, the =
duration of HWA invasion is the most important driver of mortality and =
ecosystem change. As decline progress, hemlock remains dominant in sites =
impacted for decades, although compositions are shifting and diverging =
across overstory hemlock decline classes. Some species, including the =
native evergreen shrub rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) and other =
evergreen species including red spruce (Picea rubens), may be =
particularly influential during community reorganization. Environmental =
gradients, including elevation and soil characteristics, are also =
important ecologial drivers. Among overstory hemlock decline categories, =
resource availability and nutrient cycling are accelerating, but this =
varies with environmental context. =20
=20
On Tue, Feb 27, 2018 at 10:18 AM, John Kearney =
<john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca> wrote:
Our hemlock trees are in serious trouble. The culprit is an aphid =
relative, the hemlock woolly adelgid, and currently, southwest Nova =
Scotia is the most at threat.
Find out more at 7:00 P.M. Tuesday, March 13. The Tusket River =
Environmental Protection Association (TREPA) will be sponsoring a talk =
by Ron Neville, Plant Health Survey Biologist of the Canadian Food =
Inspection Agency, at the Yarmouth County Museum and Archives, 22 =
Collins Street, Yarmouth =
<https://maps.google.com/?q=3D22+Collins+Street,+Yarmouth&entry=3Dgmail&s=
ource=3Dg> . All welcome.
Questions? Contact John Sollows at 742-2802.
=20
--=20
Dr. N.M.Hill
Fern Hill Institute of Plant Conservation
424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0 =
<https://maps.google.com/?q=3D424+Bentley+Road,+Berwick,+NS,+B0P+1E0&entr=
y=3Dgmail&source=3Dg>=20
phone 902-698-0416 <tel:(902)%20698-0416>=20
------=_NextPart_000_000F_01D3B066.8CEAB0A0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" =
xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" =
xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" =
xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8"><meta =
name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered =
medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:EN-CA;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=3DEN-CA link=3Dblue =
vlink=3Dpurple><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>There=E2=80=99s another point worth discussing:=C2=A0 if and possibly =
how lessons from the red spruce saga could/ should be applied (or =
not!).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span>=
</b><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> =
naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] =
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Hill<br><b>Sent:</b> February 27, 2018 3:14 =
PM<br><b>To:</b> naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<br><b>Subject:</b> RE: =
[NatureNS] Notice of Meeting on Hemlock Woolly =
Adelgid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p =
class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>I =
agree, John.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>I too am leery =
about introducing yet another exotic to combat an =
exotic.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>The sanitary =
approach is also worrisome as that approach leaves no organic no food =
for woodpeckers and doesn't let the tree determine its fate. I just got =
back from a walk where I showed my sister from UK healthy beech and then =
we found a large slightly chancred beech that had overgrown a miserable =
chancred individual that had died. I had to think about the possibility =
of differential susceptibility and evolution of resistance. We need to =
give the hemlock that chance.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal>And then there was the American Chestnut and its loss =
and replacement by chestnut oak.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal>Yes. We can do more than one thing and that's good. =
But I may be averse to any agency that has the authority because of its =
name to come and cut out my hemlock. They did this with the red spruce =
with not much ecological understanding.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal>Nick<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>On Feb =
27, 2018 2:26 PM, "John and Nhung" <<a =
href=3D"mailto:nhungjohn@eastlink.ca">nhungjohn@eastlink.ca</a>> =
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>Good points, and I=E2=80=99d be uncomfortable with some proposed =
interventions. Introduction of any exotic, for instance, has =
unpredictable consequences.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>I don=E2=80=99t think there=E2=80=99s any necessary conflict between =
attempts to preserve hemlock and other sustainable forest management =
initiatives. For instance, I keep wondering about seed banks, =
which may or not be a good idea =E2=80=A6</span><o:p></o:p></p><p =
class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>Hope you=E2=80=99re gonna catch some of the sessions, Nick. The =
MTRI-organized ones are probably more geographically =
conveniently-located. You could contribute substantively to the =
discussions!</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span =
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span>=
</b><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a =
href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" =
target=3D"_blank">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a =
href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" =
target=3D"_blank">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behalf Of =
</b>Nick Hill<br><b>Sent:</b> February 27, 2018 12:17 PM<br><b>To:</b> =
<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" =
target=3D"_blank">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: =
[NatureNS] Notice of Meeting on Hemlock Woolly =
Adelgid</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Hi John and =
John<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>I don't =
doubt that the woolly adelgid will kill hemlock trees and that is change =
and unwelcome.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Let us =
first put it in a North American context with climate change and =
atmospheric N deposition.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>We can =
research the impact that has occurred where the pest has moved through =
from Virginia through New England.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>And then we =
can look at stand vulnerability factors. We stand to lose trees and some =
stands. The outbreaks will be heterogenous: stands receiving more N in =
SW Nova could be more affected. Cool ravines should be less affected. =
Stands near the coast may be less affected because there has been less =
temperature change over the past 30 y. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>From what I =
have read, things were not wholly disastrous. The trees in some infected =
stands were mainly killed whereas hemlocks in other stands were less =
affected and in some, most trees survived. The carbon stays in the =
ecosystem. This is habitat. A new forest takes shape and this normally =
includes in the US where hemlock trees have been =
killed, <i>Betula lenta</i> that we dont get here and =
<i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> (yellow birch) that we =
do. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>We should =
fight the things we can fight and influence such as clearcutting, =
unnecessary roads, poor land use and wetland =
loss.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>We can do =
all measure of things: fighting invasives broadly, spraying the budworm =
with bacteria and sprays, introducing organisms to fight adelgid =
or the sanitary removal of diseased hemlock. Or we can protect forest =
processes by reducing cutting frequency and intensity (this will mean =
less nutrient and organic matter, structure and carbon removal), using =
shelterwood management (maintains shade and moisture and structure), =
protecting by buffers ravines (shade and moisture) and wetland =
corridors, and setting up mature forest corridors (birds, mammals, =
herbs...and...?) throughout the forest. We cant stop this climate change =
but we can make our forests as healthy as we can. The forests will be =
dynamic and we can protect mature forest processes but not determine =
what the eventual forest will look like.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Losing some =
hemlock stands does suck but any reactive response to adelgid can be =
seen in a larger perspective of =
processes. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Let's fix =
unsound forestry practices and let the forest take care of itself. We =
would be pleasantly surprised on balance. Less hemlock, more yellow =
birch,white pine, red spruce and in 50 years, our forest may have =
changed again.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Nick<o:p></o=
:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><a =
href=3D"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap/10?0::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:76019" =
target=3D"_blank">https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap/10?0::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:7=
6019</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>a PhD =
thesis on hemlock riparian forest in Va and WV (K Martin 2012 Ohio =
State)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#4040=
40;background:white'>Hemlock forests exhibit low species richness, and =
thus have low resiliency. In uninvaded forests of Ohio, hemlock =
dominates the vegetation, although other species are structured by =
environmental gradients. Structural equation modeling indicates hemlock =
has a negative influence on vegetation species richness, light =
availability and productivity. Thus, a likely future HWA arrival will =
result in a complete reorganization of these ecosystems, but impacts =
will differ across environmental gradients. Data from sites impacted by =
HWA 9-32 years in West Virginia and Virginia indicate all hemlock =
forests will likely be impacted. Although mortality is initially slowed =
at higher elevations and on steeper slopes with northerly aspects, =
eventually, the duration of HWA invasion is the most important driver of =
mortality and ecosystem change. As decline progress, hemlock remains =
dominant in sites impacted for decades, although compositions are =
shifting and diverging across overstory hemlock decline classes. Some =
species, including the native evergreen shrub rhododendron (Rhododendron =
maximum) and other evergreen species including red spruce (Picea =
rubens), may be particularly influential during community =
reorganization. Environmental gradients, including elevation and soil =
characteristics, are also important ecologial drivers. Among overstory =
hemlock decline categories, resource availability and nutrient cycling =
are accelerating, but this varies with environmental =
context. </span> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>On Tue, Feb =
27, 2018 at 10:18 AM, John Kearney <<a =
href=3D"mailto:john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca" =
target=3D"_blank">john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca</a>> =
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Our hemlock =
trees are in serious trouble. The culprit is an aphid relative, =
the hemlock woolly adelgid, and currently, southwest Nova Scotia is the =
most at threat.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Find out =
more at 7:00 P.M. Tuesday, March 13. The Tusket River =
Environmental Protection Association (TREPA) will be sponsoring a talk =
by Ron Neville, Plant Health Survey Biologist of the Canadian Food =
Inspection Agency, at the Yarmouth County Museum and Archives, <a =
href=3D"https://maps.google.com/?q=3D22+Collins+Street,+Yarmouth&entr=
y=3Dgmail&source=3Dg" target=3D"_blank">22 Collins Street, =
Yarmouth</a>. All welcome.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Questions?&n=
bsp; Contact John Sollows at =
742-2802.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><br><br =
clear=3Dall><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p><=
/o:p></p></div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>-- =
<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Dr. =
N.M.Hill<br>Fern Hill Institute of Plant Conservation<br><a =
href=3D"https://maps.google.com/?q=3D424+Bentley+Road,+Berwick,+NS,+B0P+1=
E0&entry=3Dgmail&source=3Dg">424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P =
1E0</a><br><br>phone <a href=3D"tel:(902)%20698-0416" =
target=3D"_blank">902-698-0416</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div>=
</div></div></div></body></html>
------=_NextPart_000_000F_01D3B066.8CEAB0A0--
next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
Index of Subjects