[NatureNS] Norway Maple leaves are actually microspotted

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From: Stephen Shaw <srshaw@Dal.Ca>
To: "naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
Thread-Topic: Norway Maple leaves are actually microspotted
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Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2018 04:25:27 +0000
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More info on tar spot fungus: wondered initially if this meant that next ye=
ar there would be less re-infection because the dead leaves are now suppose=
dly fungus-free.  Likely not: some Norway maple leaves are just now droppin=
g and I=92ve examined some of the most recent, freshest-looking drops.  Eve=
ry upper leaf surface is carpeted with multiple sub-millimeter black spots,=
 usually a bit larger along the principal veins.  Many spots penetrate thro=
ugh to the lower leaf surface.  In Norway maple, Rhytisma acerinum infectio=
n starts with these multiple small spots in spring which then normally coal=
esce later in the year into the big spots:  http://plantclinic.cornell.edu/=
factsheets/tarspotofmaple.pdf
So this looks like a case of arrested development this year, occasioned by =
either the unusually bright July-August or else the unusually wet cold June=
.  Under the highest power of a dissecting microscope, the tiny upper surfa=
ce spots appear as fairly uniform black, locally damaged surfaces, but on t=
he undersides mainly at the vein branch points, there are corresponding den=
se mats of healthy looking short clear fungal hyphae, some of which bear br=
own globular heads =97 fruiting bodies? =97  in the freshest leaves:  these=
 don=92t look much like the conidia in Wikipedia images though.  At any rat=
e, the fungae are still there so it seems unlikely that the infective cycle=
 will be broken in 2019.
On the question of whether wind physics is a factor, deciduous leaves have =
extremely large surface-to-volume ratios and are always exposed to the elem=
ents.   Wouldn=92t almost any wind, however weak, bring the leaf surface in=
to equilibrium with the prevailing humidity level, implying that wind shoul=
d not be an important factor controlling surface humidity and fungal succes=
s?  A temporary exception would occur after a rain shower or fog session, a=
nd it was very wet in June.  Wet conditions promote rather than retard prog=
ression of tar spot fungus, however (Wikipedia), so it looks like the hot d=
ry conditions in July-August and into September were the most likely immedi=
ate cause of retarded fungal development in 2018.
Steve (Hfx)
----------------------------------------------------
On Nov 11, 2018, at 9:21 PM, David <dwebster@glinx.com<mailto:dwebster@glin=
x.com>> wrote:
Hi All,
    As a wild guess I suspect unusually prolonged periods of high winds thi=
s summer; after the period of high humidity. I don't have records but I thi=
nk tar Spot shows late in the summer. High winds would perhaps dry out any =
tar spot which was just getting established.
Yt, DW, Kentville

------ Original Message ------
From: "David Patriquin" <David.Patriquin@Dal.Ca<mailto:David.Patriquin@Dal.=
Ca>>
To: "naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>" <naturens@che=
bucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>>
Sent: 11/11/2018 7:09:00 PM
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Norway Maple leaves unspotted

Ditto. Also, the NW maples on peninsular Halifax  exhibiting spectacular go=
lden-yellow coloration just before leaf-drop.
________________________________
From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca> <=
naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca>> on beh=
alf of plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca<mailto:plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca> <plcha=
lmers@ns.sympatico.ca<mailto:plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca>>
Sent: Sunday, November 11, 2018 6:38:32 PM
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Norway Maple leaves unspotted

Hi Steve,

I meant to reply to you earlier.  I too noticed the scarcity of tar spot fu=
ngus on the Norway Maples this year, on my daily walks from home in central=
 Halifax to work in south end Halifax.  I took careful note this afternoon,=
 when I spent several hours raking leaves, and probably less than 10% had t=
he spot, when in other years nearly all would have been affected.

Cheers,

Patricia L. Chalmers
Halifax


> On November 8, 2018 at 12:35 PM Stephen Shaw <srshaw@Dal.Ca<mailto:srshaw=
@Dal.Ca>> wrote:
>
>
> We have a couple of these NMs at opposite edges of the garden. They are s=
till fully leafed (though most leaves are yellow by now) and always lose th=
eir leaves later than the other maples here. In other years every NM leaf b=
y now would have a black fungal spot 1-2 cm in diameter, probably the sourc=
e of infection for the next year from the uncleared fallen leaves.
>
> For the first time in memory, none of the leaves this year are spotted. H=
ave others elsewhere seen this lack of sustained infection in 2018? Could i=
t be attributed to the unusually long, hot, bright summer suppressing the f=
ungus?
> Steve (Hfx)


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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font face=3D"Times New Roman">More info on tar spot=
 fungus: wondered initially if this meant that next year there would be les=
s re-infection because the dead leaves are now supposedly fungus-free. &nbs=
p;Likely&nbsp;not: some Norway maple leaves are
 just now dropping and I=92ve examined some of the most recent, freshest-lo=
oking drops.&nbsp; Every upper leaf surface is carpeted with multiple sub-m=
illimeter black spots, usually a bit larger along the principal veins.&nbsp=
; Many spots penetrate through to the lower
 leaf surface. &nbsp;In Norway maple,&nbsp;</font><i style=3D"font-size: 12=
pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman">Rhytisma acerinum</font>&nbsp;</i><span=
 style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">infection start=
s with these multiple small spots in spring which then
 normally coalesce later in the year into the big spots:</span><span style=
=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a=
 href=3D"http://plantclinic.cornell.edu/factsheets/tarspotofmaple.pdf" styl=
e=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">http://plantclinic.c=
ornell.edu/factsheets/tarspotofmaple.pdf</a></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font face=3D"Times New Roman">So this looks like a =
case of arrested development this year, occasioned by either the unusually =
bright July-August or else the unusually wet cold June.&nbsp; Under the hig=
hest power of a dissecting microscope, the
 tiny upper surface spots appear as fairly uniform black, locally damaged s=
urfaces, but on the undersides mainly at the vein branch points, there are =
corresponding dense mats of healthy looking short clear fungal hyphae, some=
 of which bear brown globular heads&nbsp;=97
 fruiting bodies? =97&nbsp; in the freshest leaves: &nbsp;these don=92t loo=
k much like the conidia in Wikipedia images though.&nbsp; At any rate, the =
fungae are still there so it seems unlikely that the infective cycle will b=
e broken in 2019.
<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-=
size: 12pt;">On the question of whether wind physics is a factor, deciduous=
 leaves have extremely large surface-to-volume ratios and are always expose=
d to the elements.
</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 1=
2pt;">Wouldn=92t almost any wind, however weak, bring the leaf surface into=
 equilibrium with the prevailing humidity level,
 implying that wind should not be an important factor controlling surface h=
umidity and fungal success?
</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">=
A temporary exception would occur after a rain shower or fog session, and i=
t was very wet in June.
</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">&nb=
sp;</span><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">Wet conditions promote =
rather than retard progression of tar spot fungus, however (Wikipedia), so =
it looks like the hot dry conditions in July-August
 and into September were the most likely immediate cause of retarded fungal=
&nbsp;</font><font face=3D"Times New Roman">development in 2018</font><font=
 face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">.&nbsp;</font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font face=3D"Times New Roman">Steve (Hfx)&nbsp;</fo=
nt></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-=
size: 12pt;">----------------------------------------------------</span></p=
>
<div><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">On Nov 11, 2018, at 9:21 PM, David &l=
t;dwebster@glinx.com&gt; wrote:</=
span></div>
<div>
<blockquote type=3D"cite"><style type=3D"text/css"><!--#xd9c259b3b44e4d3 p
{margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;}
--></style><style id=3D"css_styles" type=3D"text/css"><!--blockquote.cite {=
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<div>
<div>Hi All,</div>
<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; As a wild guess I suspect unusually prolonged periods of=
 high winds this summer; after the period of high humidity. I don't have re=
cords but I think tar Spot shows late in the summer. High winds would perha=
ps dry out any tar spot which was just getting
 established. &nbsp;</div>
<div>Yt, DW, Kentville</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>------ Original Message ------</div>
<div>From: &quot;David Patriquin&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:David.Patriqui=
n@Dal.Ca">David.Patriquin@Dal.Ca</a>&gt;</div>
<div>To: &quot;<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto=
.ns.ca</a>&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@ch=
ebucto.ns.ca</a>&gt;</div>
<div>Sent: 11/11/2018 7:09:00 PM</div>
<div>Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Norway Maple leaves unspotted</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div id=3D"xd9c259b3b44e4d3">
<blockquote cite=3D"x-msg://2/YQBPR01MB0196B9BDD9E9FE53DA99527F92C00@yqbpr0=
1mb0196.canprd01.prod.outlook.com" type=3D"cite" class=3D"cite2">
<div id=3D"divtagdefaultwrapper" style=3D"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cal=
ibri, Helvetica, sans-serif;" dir=3D"ltr">
<div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">Ditto. Also, the NW map=
les on peninsular Halifax &nbsp;exhibiting spectacular golden-yellow colora=
tion just before leaf-drop.</div>
</div>
<hr style=3D"display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Calibri, sans-serif" st=
yle=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b>
<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns=
.ca</a> &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner=
@chebucto.ns.ca</a>&gt; on behalf of
<a href=3D"mailto:plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca">plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca</a=
> &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:plchalmers@ns.sympatico.ca">plchalmers@ns.sympatico=
.ca</a>&gt;<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, November 11, 2018 6:38:32 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.=
ca</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] Norway Maple leaves unspotted</font>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div style=3D"">
<div>Hi Steve,&nbsp; </div>
<div>&nbsp; </div>
<div>I meant to reply to you earlier.&nbsp; I too noticed the scarcity of t=
ar spot fungus on the Norway Maples this year, on my daily walks from home =
in central Halifax to work in south end Halifax.&nbsp; I took careful note =
this afternoon, when I spent several hours
 raking leaves, and probably less than 10% had the spot, when in other year=
s nearly all would have been affected.
</div>
<div>&nbsp; </div>
<div>Cheers, </div>
<div>&nbsp; </div>
<div>Patricia L. Chalmers </div>
<div>Halifax </div>
<div>&nbsp; </div>
<div><br>
&gt; On November 8, 2018 at 12:35 PM Stephen Shaw &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:srs=
haw@Dal.Ca">srshaw@Dal.Ca</a>&gt; wrote:
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; We have a couple of these NMs at opposite edges of the garden. They ar=
e still fully leafed (though most leaves are yellow by now) and always lose=
 their leaves later than the other maples here. In other years every NM lea=
f by now would have a black fungal
 spot 1-2 cm in diameter, probably the source of infection for the next yea=
r from the uncleared fallen leaves.
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; For the first time in memory, none of the leaves this year are spotted=
. Have others elsewhere seen this lack of sustained infection in 2018? Coul=
d it be attributed to the unusually long, hot, bright summer suppressing th=
e fungus?
<br>
&gt; Steve (Hfx) </div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
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