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<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Well Dave there is a lot of variation i=
n the depth the frost</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">penetrates the soil. Farmers used to be=
aware of such things!</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Never plant strawberries in a field pro=
ne to deep frosts!</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">I often heard it said in the old days t=
hat deep frost</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">helped crops like hay, grain and potato=
es. The deep frost</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">held the moisture in the spring - espec=
ially in well drained</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">soil like we had at home.</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">No doubt bees and the like have a LD 50=
temperature. Unknown to me.</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Anyway we will not be sorry to see the =
ice disappear! but the brooks</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">have remained relatively open in this a=
rea - about average I would say.</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Enjoy the last of winter!</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Paul</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;"> </span>
</div>=20
<blockquote style=3D"position: relative; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: =
10px; border-left: solid 1px blue;" type=3D"cite">
On March 17, 2019 at 11:49 AM David <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:
<br/>
<br/>=20
<div>
HI John & all,  
</div>=20
<div>
    Yes I expect the wild bees will eventually move back but =
only when the winter conditions enable survival.
</div>=20
<div>
Dave   
</div>=20
<div>
 
</div>=20
<div>
------ Original Message ------
</div>=20
<div>
From: "John and Nhung" <
nhungjohn@eastlink.ca>
</div>=20
<div>
To:=20
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
</div>=20
<div>
Sent: 3/17/2019 11:26:57 AM
</div>=20
<div>
Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Frozen soil,
</div>=20
<div>
 
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<blockquote type=3D"cite">=20
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family:=
'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">Maybe the bee pop=
ulation will get recharged from the warmer southwest.  I am hoping tha=
t the cold snaps we have had down in the banana belt did a number on black-=
legged ticks and hemlock woolly adelgids, but am not optimistic.</span></p>=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family:=
'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family:=
'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;">We=E2=80=99ll hav=
e to wait and see=E2=80=A6</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family:=
'Calibri','sans-serif'; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=
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<div style=3D"border: none; border-top: solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt; padding=
: 3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size: 10.0pt; fo=
nt-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">From:</span></strong><sp=
an style=3D"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-seri=
f';"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@c=
hebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">=
naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <strong>On Behalf Of </strong>David<br/>=
<strong>Sent:</strong> March 17, 2019 8:34 AM<br/><strong>To:</strong> <a h=
ref=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br/><str=
ong>Subject:</strong> [NatureNS] Frozen soil,</span></p>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
,'sans-serif';">Dear All,</span></p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">    This winter stands out with respect =
to deep and prolonged frozen soil; worse than 2017-18. The deep frost penet=
ration of winter of 2017-18 wiped out almost all of the wild bees in the Ke=
ntville area which overwinter in soil. This winter will finish the job. Wea=
ther records do not tell the entire story because, so far as I am aware, de=
pth of frost penetration is not routinely measured.</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">    The house lot and land upslope is un=
derlain by relatively impermeable soil so one must contend with both surfac=
e runoff and underground seepage and for this purpose I have installed a ne=
twork of underground land tile to supplement a town owned fully enclosed 6&=
#34; concrete pipe and handle sump pump water and roof gutters. Until this =
winter, water has flowed from both outlets without interruption. This winte=
r it gradually slowed and stopped in late Feb. when the outlets became full=
y plugged with ice. </span></p>=20
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<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">    The town drain started to flow again=
on Friday and the driveway outlet of my private drain resumed flow late af=
ternoon Saturday Mar. 16. </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">    One the subject of biological divers=
ity, I suspect that extreme events like these last two winters must tend to=
shorten the list. </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">YT. DW, Kentville</span></p>=20
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">      </span></p>=20
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Segoe UI'=
;,'sans-serif';">    </span></p>=20
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</blockquote>=20
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</blockquote>=20
<div>
<br/> 
</div>
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