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>>>> *Sent:
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I found eating any appreciable amount would make me a little =
uncomfortable. Read later about the toxic bit! :-)
Then, there was the time I thought I was eating chanterelles, but =
that=E2=80=99s another story! =20
-----Original Message-----
From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca =
[mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] On Behalf Of David Webster
Sent: May 18, 2020 7:02 AM
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions
Hi John and All,
Until a friend told me about eating pods and all we used to follow=20
the books and shelled Beach Pea pods when peas were full size and the=20
tedium of extracting tiny peas from those tiny pods over long periods=20
could be deadly.
YT, DW, Kentville
On 5/18/2020 5:36 AM, John and Nhung wrote:
> >From my earlier days of experimenting with reputedly edible wild =
plants, I found that raw lambs quarters were fine, but in small amounts. =
Ditto (even moreso) for beach pea. Subsequently, I read somewhere that =
beach pea can be toxic in substantial doses.
>
> Young, cooked pods ... aha!
>
> I guess there are optima to everything!
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca =
[mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] On Behalf Of David Webster
> Sent: May 17, 2020 6:39 PM
> To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
> Subject: Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions
>
> Hi All,
>
> A few additional comments on edible wild plants. My favorites =
are
> beach pea (Lathyrus japonicus); Strip pods from the plant when peas =
are
> half final size. Boil until tender. The pods are salty so there is no
> need to add salt. Eat pods, with a dash of butter (optional). At the
> right time and place one can harvest a meal in 5 minutes. My second
> favorite is Atriplex patula (Orach). This can be grown in the garden
> (does fine in upland soil) or collected on the beach at sites where =
dogs
> can not spray. Boil young shoots until tender. Again a meal in 5 =
minutes.
>
> YT, DW, Kentville
>
> On 5/17/2020 5:10 PM, Fred Schueler wrote:
>> On 5/17/2020 3:08 PM, rita.paul@ns.sympatico.ca wrote:
>>
>>> My Grandparents loved Lamb's Quarters. Cooked like
>>> spinach it was very good. My Grandfather saved the seed when =
threshing
>>> the grain for birds in the winter. A lot of uses but a bad weed!
>>> There never
>>> was any shortage of it from now to frost.
>>> Enjoy the spring
>> * well, we've got accounts of both Dandelions -
>> https://adaptating.blogspot.com/2019/05/the-dandelion-diet.html -
>> Dandelions mostly don't reproduce sexually, but produce seeds
>> asexually by apomixis, without pollination, resulting in offspring
>> that are genetically identical to the parent plant. This means that
>> clones which have adaptive characteristics can take over uniform
>> habitats, such as lawns and roadsides. Since they don't require
>> pollination, selection among clones may favour those with reduced
>> nectar and pollen production, explaining their relative
>> unattractiveness to pollinators
>> https://www.gardenmyths.com/dandelions-important-bees/
>>
>> ...these clones have been classified by splitting taxonomists as
>> 'microspecies.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraxacum - ' The genus
>> contains many species, which usually (or in the case of triploids,
>> obligately) reproduce by apomixis, resulting in many local =
populations
>> and endemism. In the British Isles alone, 234 microspecies are
>> recognised in nine loosely defined sections, of which 40 are =
"probably
>> endemic."' Notice that this article doesn't mention Taraxacum
>> palustre, the Soggy Ground Dandelion, which lacks the folded-back
>> bracts around the flowerhead of the common Dandelion, and has become
>> common in eastern Ontario since the 1980s -
>> =
https://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/2010/04/first-dandelion-oil-on=
-canvas-5-x-7in_08.html
>>
>> - and Lambsquarters -
>> https://adaptating.blogspot.com/2018/07/lambsquarters.html - The
>> biggest Lambsquarters plants we've ever seen were in the rich clay of
>> the Scarborough Bluffs on the shore of Lake Ontario: 250 cm tall, =
with
>> stems 25 mm in diameter! "We plucked the foliage from this enormous
>> plant like penned Goats offered cut branches, and found them mild and
>> succulent"
>>
>> ...we also eat a lot of Violets, in our case the introduced Viola
>> odorata, and I chewed my way through Euell Gibbons books as they came
>> out...
>>
>> fred.
>> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>>
>>> Paul
>>>> On May 17, 2020 at 3:11 PM dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca wrote:
>>>>
>>>> We eat both purple and white (viola papilionacea). I think
>>>> Johnny-jump-ups and pansies are also edible, but I haven=E2=80=99t =
tried them.
>>>>
>>>> I loved Euell Gibbons when I was in my 20=E2=80=99s (way back in =
the mists
>>>> of time). His books introduced us to the idea of foraging and to
>>>> many plants that are still favorites, like chenopodium album,
>>>> viburnum opulus, and the violets. Also, mussels, which were not
>>>> eaten by many people then.
>>>>
>>>> We still have all three books.
>>>>
>>>> Jane
>>>>
>>>> *From:*naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca *On Behalf Of *David Webster
>>>> *Sent:* May 17, 2020 12:13 PM
>>>> *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
>>>> *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions
>>>>
>>>> Hi Jane & All,
>>>>
>>>> Are these our various wild violets, the white ornamental =
violet
>>>> or both ?
>>>>
>>>> Dave W. Kentville
>>>>
>>>> On 5/17/2020 8:52 AM, dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca
>>>> <mailto:dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> What I wonder is if there are any vitamins left in the =
dandelions
>>>> after boiling in two waters.
>>>>
>>>> For delicious and nutritious spring greens, I like the =
violets,
>>>> both leaves and flowers (Eat them raw.). Euell Gibbons said =
they
>>>> have the most nutrition of any of the spring greens. Luckily,
>>>> they like our =E2=80=9Clawn=E2=80=9D.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers.
>>>>
>>>> Jane Schlosberg
>>>>
>>>> *From:*naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca
>>>> <mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca> *On Behalf Of *Mary =
Macaulay
>>>> *Sent:* May 16, 2020 4:15 PM
>>>> *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca <mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
>>>> *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions
>>>>
>>>> Well, having been introduced to the fine cuisine of the =
dandelion
>>>> by my Italian in-laws I expect much is due to human selection. =
The
>>>> most highly prized for spring Saut=C3=A9s has very fat =
delicious
>>>> flowers still stuck inside the leaves before shooting up on =
the
>>>> stalk. When prepared (after twice boiling to get out the =
bitter)
>>>> in a fry of olive oil salt and garlic the pump flower head is =
what
>>>> provides the most delicious flavour and texture :)
>>>>
>>>> With kindest regards
>>>>
>>>> Mary (Macaulay), P.Eng.
>>>>
>>>> On May 16, 2020, at 3:46 PM, David Webster <dwebster@glinx.com
>>>> <mailto:dwebster@glinx.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hi Jim and All,
>>>>
>>>> Further on the question of Taraxacum officinale
>>>> reproduction. Fernald in Gray's Manual of Botany 8th. ed. =
says
>>>> "parthenogenetically reproduced" and he defines
>>>> Parthenogenetic as "Developing without fertilization"
>>>>
>>>> In an American Scientist article 59(6) 1971;The =
Population
>>>> Biology of Dandelions; Otto T. Solbrig says on page 686
>>>> "...its asexual reproduction."
>>>>
>>>> YT, DW, Kentville
>>>>
>>>> On 5/16/2020 1:33 PM, Jim Wolford wrote:
>>>>
>>>> *QUESTION* about common dandelion: Long ago I was =
told, or
>>>> read somewhere, that common dandelion flowering is a =
sham,
>>>> in that all the seeds produced are just clones of the
>>>> parent plants =E2=80=94 any truth to this?? If so, =
why all the
>>>> meiosis and flower parts, just for dispersal??
>>>>
>>>> Also today, a single flower of *wild strawberry* seen,
>>>> *Norway maple* in flower, and *shadbush* almost in =
bloom.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers from Jim in Wolfville
>>>>
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<TITLE>RE: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions</TITLE>
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<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">I found eating =
any appreciable amount would make me a little uncomfortable. Read =
later about the toxic bit! </FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> =
<FONT FACE=3D"Wingdings" SIZE=3D3>J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Then, there was =
the time I thought I was eating chanterelles, but that=E2=80=99s another =
story! </FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> </SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">-----Original Message-----<BR>
From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens-owner@chebu=
cto.ns.ca</A>] On Behalf Of David Webster<BR>
Sent: May 18, 2020 7:02 AM<BR>
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<BR>
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on =
dandelions</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Hi John and =
All,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Until a friend told me about =
eating pods and all we used to follow </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">the books and =
shelled Beach Pea pods when peas were full size and the =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">tedium of =
extracting tiny peas from those tiny pods over long periods =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">could be =
deadly.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">YT, DW, =
Kentville</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">On 5/18/2020 =
5:36 AM, John and Nhung wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> >From =
my earlier days of experimenting with reputedly edible wild plants, I =
found that raw lambs quarters were fine, but in small amounts. =
Ditto (even moreso) for beach pea. Subsequently, I read somewhere =
that beach pea can be toxic in substantial doses.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> Young, =
cooked pods ... aha!</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> I guess =
there are optima to everything!</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> =
-----Original Message-----</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> From: =
naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens-owner@chebu=
cto.ns.ca</A>] On Behalf Of David Webster</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> Sent: May =
17, 2020 6:39 PM</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> To: =
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> Subject: =
Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on dandelions</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> Hi =
All,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">> A few =
additional comments on edible wild plants. My favorites =
are</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> beach pea =
(Lathyrus japonicus); Strip pods from the plant when peas =
are</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> half final =
size. Boil until tender. The pods are salty so there is =
no</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> need to =
add salt. Eat pods, with a dash of butter (optional). At =
the</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> right time =
and place one can harvest a meal in 5 minutes. My =
second</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> favorite =
is Atriplex patula (Orach). This can be grown in the =
garden</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> (does fine =
in upland soil) or collected on the beach at sites where =
dogs</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> can not =
spray. Boil young shoots until tender. Again a meal in 5 =
minutes.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> YT, DW, =
Kentville</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">> On =
5/17/2020 5:10 PM, Fred Schueler wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> On =
5/17/2020 3:08 PM, rita.paul@ns.sympatico.ca wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> My =
Grandparents loved Lamb's Quarters. Cooked like</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
spinach it was very good. My Grandfather saved the seed when =
threshing</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
the grain for birds in the winter. A lot of uses but a bad =
weed!</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
There never</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
was any shortage of it from now to frost.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
Enjoy the spring</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> * =
well, we've got accounts of both Dandelions -</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> <A =
HREF=3D"https://adaptating.blogspot.com/2019/05/the-dandelion-diet.html">=
https://adaptating.blogspot.com/2019/05/the-dandelion-diet.html</A> =
-</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
Dandelions mostly don't reproduce sexually, but produce =
seeds</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
asexually by apomixis, without pollination, resulting in =
offspring</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> that =
are genetically identical to the parent plant. This means =
that</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> clones =
which have adaptive characteristics can take over =
uniform</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
habitats, such as lawns and roadsides. Since they don't =
require</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
pollination, selection among clones may favour those with =
reduced</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> nectar =
and pollen production, explaining their relative</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
unattractiveness to pollinators</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> <A =
HREF=3D"https://www.gardenmyths.com/dandelions-important-bees/">https://w=
ww.gardenmyths.com/dandelions-important-bees/</A></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
...these clones have been classified by splitting taxonomists =
as</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
'microspecies.' <A =
HREF=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraxacum">https://en.wikipedia.org=
/wiki/Taraxacum</A> - ' The genus</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
contains many species, which usually (or in the case of =
triploids,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
obligately) reproduce by apomixis, resulting in many local =
populations</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> and =
endemism. In the British Isles alone, 234 microspecies =
are</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
recognised in nine loosely defined sections, of which 40 are =
"probably</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
endemic."' Notice that this article doesn't mention =
Taraxacum</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
palustre, the Soggy Ground Dandelion, which lacks the =
folded-back</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> bracts =
around the flowerhead of the common Dandelion, and has =
become</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> common =
in eastern Ontario since the 1980s -</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> <A =
HREF=3D"https://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/2010/04/first-dandelio=
n-oil-on-canvas-5-x-7in_08.html">https://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.c=
om/2010/04/first-dandelion-oil-on-canvas-5-x-7in_08.html</A></FONT></SPAN=
></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> - and =
Lambsquarters -</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> <A =
HREF=3D"https://adaptating.blogspot.com/2018/07/lambsquarters.html">https=
://adaptating.blogspot.com/2018/07/lambsquarters.html</A> - =
The</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
biggest Lambsquarters plants we've ever seen were in the rich clay =
of</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> the =
Scarborough Bluffs on the shore of Lake Ontario: 250 cm tall, =
with</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> stems =
25 mm in diameter! "We plucked the foliage from this =
enormous</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> plant =
like penned Goats offered cut branches, and found them mild =
and</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
succulent"</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> ...we =
also eat a lot of Violets, in our case the introduced =
Viola</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
odorata, and I chewed my way through Euell Gibbons books as they =
came</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
out...</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
fred.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</FO=
NT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">>>> =
Paul</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> On May 17, 2020 at 3:11 PM =
dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> We eat both purple and white (viola =
papilionacea). I think</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Johnny-jump-ups and pansies are also =
edible, but I haven=E2=80=99t tried them.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> I loved Euell Gibbons when I was in my =
20=E2=80=99s (way back in the mists</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> of time). His books introduced =
us to the idea of foraging and to</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> many plants that are still favorites, =
like chenopodium album,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> viburnum opulus, and the =
violets. Also, mussels, which were not</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> eaten by many people =
then.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> We still have all three =
books.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Jane</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *From:*naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca =
*On Behalf Of *David Webster</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *Sent:* May 17, 2020 12:13 =
PM</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *To:* =
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] nature =
notes, question on dandelions</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Hi Jane & All,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Are =
these our various wild violets, the white ornamental =
violet</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> or both ?</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Dave W. Kentville</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> On 5/17/2020 8:52 AM, =
dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> <<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico.ca">mailto:dschlosb-g@ns.sympatico=
.ca</A>> wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> What I =
wonder is if there are any vitamins left in the =
dandelions</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> after =
boiling in two waters.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> For =
delicious and nutritious spring greens, I like the =
violets,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> both =
leaves and flowers (Eat them raw.). Euell Gibbons said =
they</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> have the =
most nutrition of any of the spring greens. Luckily,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> they =
like our =E2=80=9Clawn=E2=80=9D.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> =
Cheers.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Jane =
Schlosberg</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> =
*From:*naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> <<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens-owner@chebu=
cto.ns.ca</A>> *On Behalf Of *Mary Macaulay</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *Sent:* =
May 16, 2020 4:15 PM</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> *To:* =
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca <<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A=
>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> =
*Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] nature notes, question on =
dandelions</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Well, =
having been introduced to the fine cuisine of the =
dandelion</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> by my =
Italian in-laws I expect much is due to human selection. =
The</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> most =
highly prized for spring Saut=C3=A9s has very fat =
delicious</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> flowers =
still stuck inside the leaves before shooting up on =
the</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> stalk. =
When prepared (after twice boiling to get out the =
bitter)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> in a fry =
of olive oil salt and garlic the pump flower head is =
what</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> provides =
the most delicious flavour and texture :)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> With =
kindest regards</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> Mary =
(Macaulay), P.Eng.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> On May =
16, 2020, at 3:46 PM, David Webster =
<dwebster@glinx.com</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> <<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com">mailto:dwebster@glinx.com</A>>> =
wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Hi Jim and All,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Further on the question of =
Taraxacum officinale</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; reproduction. Fernald in Gray's Manual of Botany 8th. ed. =
says</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; "parthenogenetically reproduced" and he =
defines</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Parthenogenetic as "Developing without =
fertilization"</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; In an American Scientist article =
59(6) 1971;The Population</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Biology of Dandelions; Otto T. Solbrig says on page =
686</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; "...its asexual =
reproduction."</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; YT, DW, Kentville</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; On 5/16/2020 1:33 PM, Jim Wolford =
wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; *QUESTION* about common =
dandelion: Long ago I was told, or</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; read somewhere, that common =
dandelion flowering is a sham,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; in that all the seeds produced =
are just clones of the</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; parent plants =E2=80=94 any truth =
to this?? If so, why all the</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; meiosis and flower parts, just =
for dispersal??</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Also today, a single flower of =
*wild strawberry* seen,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; *Norway maple* in flower, and =
*shadbush* almost in bloom.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>> &nbs=
p; Cheers from Jim in =
Wolfville</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">>>>></FONT></SPAN></P>
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