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Hi Nancy & All, Aug 7, 2013
Just very briefly, because this could be a long reply and include =
much that I don't remember clearly, when a C. acaule does set seed by =
either natural or hand pollination the number of seeds produced per =
capsule is huge. If even a small percentage of these (e.g. 0.1%) were to =
develop into plants then the woods would soon be carpeted with them.
Drawing on memory, the young seedling develops underground as a lump =
of undifferentiated tissue, nourished by fungi, for up to 10 years. =
Eventually this lump, which I will call a tuber, develops a shoot bud =
and presumably, at some time, root initials.=20
For years I thought this was it; the shoot bud develops leaves, the =
root initials form roots and a photosynthetic plant is formed.=20
But a reference that Dwayne Sabine sent to me Nov 1, 2006 adds an =
additional wrinkle.
---------------------------------------------------------
American Journal of Botany 85(12): 1672-1679. 1998.=20
COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE PINK LADY'S SLIPPER ORCHID (CYPRIPEDIUM =
ACAULE, ORCHIDACEAE): AN=20
ELEVEN-YEAR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THREE POPULATIONS RICHARD PRIMACK AND =
ELIZABETH STACY [available online at)
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HITS=3D10&hits=3D=
10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&fulltext=3Dcypripedium&andorexactfulltext=3Dand&search=
id=3D1&FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3Drelevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primack and Stacy talk about up to 16 leaves per plant (which I =
interpret as up to 8 plantlets each with two leaves and sometimes one =
scape all sprouting from the same, presumably fairly large and possibly =
branched tuber) and mention up to 30 flowers in 10 years (again making =
it necessary to assume at least 3 plantlets per plant).
Their methods are not clear, being described in earlier papers which =
I have not seen, but I presume they used a high frequency AC =
conductivity meter to determine which plantlets were part of the same =
plant.=20
Some years ago, when I mapped what I assumed to be plants over a =
period of 5 (?) years I was baffled by 'plants' that were absent in year =
i but present in year i+1. This is understandable it these 'plants' that =
sulk underground for a year are visualized as weak buds on a tuber that =
gives rise to up to 5 additional plantlets.
I don't know the maximum or average lateral extent of these tubers =
that support multiple plantlets.
Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville
----- Original Message -----=20
From: "nancy dowd" <nancypdowd@gmail.com>
To: "naturens" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2013 8:45 AM
Subject: [NatureNS] C Lady's Slipper Seed Capsules
>I have been wandering around in the woods for years and had never seen
> the seed pod of the Common Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium acaule). I
> finally got a chance to see these hand pollinated ones on Dave
> Webster's woodlot when I was visiting Kentville. The captions below
> indicate when the flowers were pollinated:
>=20
> This year's capsule: =
http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/
> A fuzzy picture of last year's:
> http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/
> Two years old: http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/
>=20
> Since it seems C Lady's Slippers rarely are pollinated and set a seed
> capsule in the wild do they mainly persist as roots? And can these
> orchids (or others) spread vegetatively by roots or other means?
>=20
> Nancy
>=20
>=20
> -----
> No virus found in this message.
> Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
> Version: 2013.0.3392 / Virus Database: 3209/6546 - Release Date: =
08/02/13
>
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<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23507">
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<BODY>
<DIV>Hi Nancy & All, =
=20
Aug 7, =
2013</DIV>
<DIV> Just very briefly, because this could be a long =
reply=20
and include much that I don't remember clearly, when a <EM>C. =
acaule</EM> does=20
set seed by either natural or hand pollination the number of seeds =
produced=20
per capsule is huge. If even a small percentage of these (e.g. 0.1%) =
were to=20
develop into plants then the woods would soon be carpeted with =
them.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> Drawing on memory, the young seedling develops=20
underground as a lump of undifferentiated tissue, nourished by =
fungi, for=20
up to 10 years. Eventually this lump, which I will call a tuber, =
develops a=20
shoot bud and presumably, at some time, root initials. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> For years I thought this was it; the shoot bud =
develops=20
leaves, the root initials form roots and a photosynthetic plant is =
formed.=20
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> But a reference that Dwayne Sabine sent to me =
Nov 1,=20
2006 adds an additional wrinkle.</DIV>
<DIV>---------------------------------------------------------</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>American Journal of Botany 85(12): =
1672</FONT><FONT=20
size=3D2 face=3DTahoma>=96</FONT><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>1679. =
1998.</FONT>=20
<P><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE PINK LADY=92S =
SLIPPER=20
ORCHID (CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE, ORCHIDACEAE): AN</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial>ELEVEN-YEAR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THREE=20
POPULATIONS</FONT> </FONT><FONT size=3D2> RICHARD PRIMACK AND =
ELIZABETH=20
STACY<FONT size=3D3> </FONT><STRONG>[available online =
at)</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P><A=20
href=3D"http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HIT=
S=3D10&hits=3D10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&fulltext=3Dcypripedium&a=
ndorexactfulltext=3Dand&searchid=3D1&FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3D=
relevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT">http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/=
12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HITS=3D10&hits=3D10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&=
fulltext=3Dcypripedium&andorexactfulltext=3Dand&searchid=3D1&=
FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3Drelevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT</A></P>
<P><STRONG><FONT=20
size=3D2>----------------------------------------------------------------=
--------</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P> Primack and Stacy talk about up to 16 leaves per =
plant=20
(which I interpret as up to 8 plantlets each with two leaves and =
sometimes=20
one scape all sprouting from the same, presumably fairly =
large=20
and possibly branched tuber) and mention up to 30 flowers in 10 =
years=20
(again making it necessary to assume at least 3 plantlets per =
plant).</P>
<P> Their methods are not clear, being described in =
earlier=20
papers which I have not seen, but I presume they used a high frequency =
AC=20
conductivity meter to determine which plantlets were part of the same =
plant.=20
</P>
<P> Some years ago, when I mapped what I assumed to be =
plants=20
over a period of 5 (?) years I was baffled by 'plants' that =
were=20
absent in year i but present in year i+1. This is understandable it =
these=20
'plants' that sulk underground for a year are visualized as weak =
buds on a=20
tuber that gives rise to up to 5 additional plantlets.</P>
<P> I don't know the maximum or average lateral extent =
of=20
these tubers that support multiple plantlets.</P>
<P>Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville</P>
<P> </P>
<P>----- Original Message ----- </P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>From: "nancy dowd" <<A=20
href=3D"mailto:nancypdowd@gmail.com">nancypdowd@gmail.com</A>></DIV>
<DIV>To: "naturens" <<A=20
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A>></=
DIV>
<DIV>Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2013 8:45 AM</DIV>
<DIV>Subject: [NatureNS] C Lady's Slipper Seed Capsules</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>>I have been wandering around in the woods for years =
and had=20
never seen<BR>> the seed pod of the Common Lady's Slipper =
(Cypripedium=20
acaule). I<BR>> finally got a chance to see these hand pollinated =
ones on=20
Dave<BR>> Webster's woodlot when I was visiting Kentville. The =
captions=20
below<BR>> indicate when the flowers were pollinated:<BR>> =
<BR>> This=20
year's capsule: <A=20
href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/">http://www=
.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/</A><BR>>=20
A fuzzy picture of last year's:<BR>> <A=20
href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/">http://www=
.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/</A><BR>>=20
Two years old: <A=20
href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/">http://www=
.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/</A><BR>>=20
<BR>> Since it seems C Lady's Slippers rarely are pollinated and set =
a=20
seed<BR>> capsule in the wild do they mainly persist as roots? And =
can=20
these<BR>> orchids (or others) spread vegetatively by roots or other=20
means?<BR>> <BR>> Nancy<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> -----<BR>> No =
virus=20
found in this message.<BR>> Checked by AVG - <A=20
href=3D"http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>> Version: 2013.0.3392 =
/ Virus=20
Database: 3209/6546 - Release Date: 08/02/13<BR>></BODY></HTML>
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