next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
previous message in thread
Index of Subjects
Index of Subjects
--_ba208304-cb75-4eb2-967e-3a730a0aa6b9_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi All=2C
Thanks for the further info on these strange flies. Despite a good deal=
of searching=2C particularly near the first galls location=2C I haven't fo=
und any other galls=3B so they appear to be somewhat rare here. The only su=
rvey of insects up this way I'm aware of is the J.D. Lafontaine one done in=
the CBHNP in 1987 and it made no mention of this species. =20
I will keep an eye on this flower for now and collect the galls in the =
spring=3B if I remember and can locate the flower. It is likely to be under=
snow until late April. Well see what happens. All the best.=20
Fritz McEvoy
Sunrise Valley=2C CB (near Dingwall)
=20
> Date: Fri=2C 23 Aug 2013 11:53:07 -0400
> From: bckcdb@istar.ca
> To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
> Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Goldenrod Gall Fly
>=20
> On 8/22/2013 11:35 PM=2C Stephen R. Shaw wrote:
>=20
> > I noticed a number of galls on goldenrod at Mt Uniacke recently. With a
> > few dozen overwintered galls=2C it might be neat to try to repeat this
> > here to see what variety emerges=2C though March is a bit extreme here =
for
> > gall-snipping. Any takers? Has anyone looked at this locally=2C even =
at
> > Science Fair level? Maybe the Storeys know about this as a side effect
> > of the cryo work?
>=20
> * I've never heard them mention the Beetle - maybe it's only=20
> cold-tolerant to Pennsylvania? Seeing what emerges from the galls in the=
=20
> spring is worthwhile=2C if only
>=20
> Here's the substance of Ken's reply about Eurostra showing up at a new=20
> location -
>=20
> "The reporting of Eurosta and Epiblema is totally spotty and anecdotal.=20
> The adult insects can only 'hop' in the air and so the distribution of=
=20
> both insects has a FOUNDER EFFECT with heavily infested plots right next=
=20
> to no-insects-ever. It is likely that they are distributed as far north=20
> as the host plant and have been present forever and just not seen=20
> before in Panda Poop Nova Scotia or Upper BugFuck Ontario. In the=20
> beginning when we did general articles we heard from Northern Ontario=20
> WAY up about frozen snakes that they had thawed out and tons of insect=20
> galls that they had not noticed before but after reading about us in=20
> "Nature for Kids" magazine they had cut them open=2C written to me about=
=20
> it=2C and then they had gone back to their usual activities. Cherchez th=
e=20
> distribution of their HOST goldenrod. They will follow that like turtles=
=20
> follow 'degree days.' If it is going north=2C THAT is what to look for."
>=20
> I've looked for galls in northern Ontario=2C but the impediment to findin=
g=20
> a range limit has been my deficient Goldenrod species-level=20
> identification skills.
>=20
> fred.
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D
> > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> >
> > Quoting Fred Schueler <bckcdb@istar.ca>:
> >
> >> On 8/22/2013 1:35 PM=2C Randy Lauff wrote:
> >>> They are not uncommon here in Antigonish=2C
> >>
> >> * they're studied by Ken & Janet Storey at Carleton Univeristy -
> >> http://http-server.carleton.ca/~kbstorey/insects.htm
> >>
> >> "LIFE HISTORIES of GOLDENROD GALL INSECTS - Eurosta solidaginis
> >> (Fitch) (Diptera=2C Tephritidae) is the larva of the goldenrod gall fl=
y.
> >> Eggs are laid in the growing tips of goldenrod plants in the spring
> >> and when they hatch the larvae bore into the center of the stem and
> >> start to eat. Secretions of the larvae mimic plant hormones and cause
> >> the plant to form a ball gall around them and to stock the inside of
> >> the gall with cells that are high in nutrients which the larvae eat.
> >> Third instar larvae reach maximum size by early autumn. They bore a
> >> tunnel out to near the surface of the gall (leaving just the
> >> epithelium layer) and then settle back into the center of the gall to
> >> spend the winter. Downy woodpeckers and chickadees will tap on galls
> >> until they find this tunnel and then dive in the get the juicy larva
> >> which is a high fat winter treat for them. Once settled in the center
> >> of the gall=2C the larvae respond to autumn cues (shorter days=2C cool=
er
> >> temperatures=2C senescence of the plant) by preparing for winter. They
> >> accumulate 2 cryoprotectants=2C glycerol and sorbitol=2C and increase =
the
> >> supercooling point of their body fluids by adding ice nucleators that
> >> stimulate freezing of the larvae whenever temperature drops below
> >> about -8 to -10=B0C. The larvae survive freezing and can endure the
> >> conversion of up to about 65 % of their total body water in the
> >> extracellular ice. They endure multiple freeze/thaw cycles over the
> >> winter and can survive to at least -30=B0C in southern Canada. In late
> >> March and April=2C the larvae begin to break down their cryoprotectant=
s
> >> and get ready to pupate in late April. After 2-3 weeks=2C the adults
> >> hatch=2C walk up the tunnel=2C push their way through the surface skin=
and
> >> then set off to start the cycle again."
> >>
> >> I've written to the Storeys to see what they know about northern range
> >> limits of the species=2C and if any increase of the range has been
> >> observed with warming temperatures.
> >>
> >> fred.
> >> ------------------------------------------------------------
> >> Frederick W. Schueler & Aleta Karstad
> >> Bishops Mills Natural History Centre - http://pinicola.ca/bmnhc.htm
> >> Mudpuppy Night in Oxford Mills - http://pinicola.ca/mudpup1.htm
> >> Daily Paintings - http://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/
> >> RR#2 Bishops Mills=2C Ontario=2C Canada K0G 1T0
> >> on the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain 44* 52'N 75* 42'W
> >> (613)258-3107 <bckcdb at istar.ca> http://pinicola.ca/
> >> ------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> >
>=20
>=20
> --=20
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> Frederick W. Schueler & Aleta Karstad
> Bishops Mills Natural History Centre - http://pinicola.ca/bmnhc.htm
> Mudpuppy Night in Oxford Mills - http://pinicola.ca/mudpup1.htm
> Daily Paintings - http://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/
> RR#2 Bishops Mills=2C Ontario=2C Canada K0G 1T0
> on the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain 44* 52'N 75* 42'W
> (613)258-3107 <bckcdb at istar.ca> http://pinicola.ca/
> ------------------------------------------------------------
=
--_ba208304-cb75-4eb2-967e-3a730a0aa6b9_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<html>
<head>
<style><!--
.hmmessage P
{
margin:0px=3B
padding:0px
}
body.hmmessage
{
font-size: 12pt=3B
font-family:Calibri
}
--></style></head>
<body class=3D'hmmessage'><div dir=3D'ltr'>Hi All=2C<BR> =3B =3B&nb=
sp=3B Thanks for the further info on these strange flies. Despite a good de=
al of searching=2C particularly near the first galls location=2C =3BI h=
aven't found any other galls=3B so they appear to be somewhat rare here. Th=
e only survey of insects up this way I'm aware of is the J.D. =3BLafont=
aine one done in the =3BCBHNP =3Bin 1987 and it =3Bmade no ment=
ion of this species. =3B <BR> =3B =3B  =3BI will keep an ey=
e on this flower =3Bfor now and collect the galls in the spring=3B if I=
remember and can locate the flower. It is likely to be under snow until la=
te April. Well see what happens. =3BAll the best. <BR> =3B =3B&=
nbsp=3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B&nbs=
p=3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =
=3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Fritz M=
cEvoy<BR> =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B&n=
bsp=3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =
=3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B=
 =3B =3B =3B Sunrise Valley=2C CB (near =3BDingwall)<br>&nb=
sp=3B<BR><div>>=3B Date: Fri=2C 23 Aug 2013 11:53:07 -0400<br>>=3B From=
: bckcdb@istar.ca<br>>=3B To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<br>>=3B Subject: =
Re: [NatureNS] Goldenrod Gall Fly<br>>=3B <br>>=3B On 8/22/2013 11:35 P=
M=2C Stephen R. Shaw wrote:<br>>=3B <br>>=3B >=3B I noticed a number =
of galls on goldenrod at Mt Uniacke recently. With a<br>>=3B >=3B few d=
ozen overwintered galls=2C it might be neat to try to repeat this<br>>=3B=
>=3B here to see what variety emerges=2C though March is a bit extreme h=
ere for<br>>=3B >=3B gall-snipping. Any takers? Has anyone looked at =
this locally=2C even at<br>>=3B >=3B Science Fair level? Maybe the Sto=
reys know about this as a side effect<br>>=3B >=3B of the cryo work?<br=
>>=3B <br>>=3B * I've never heard them mention the Beetle - maybe it's =
only <br>>=3B cold-tolerant to Pennsylvania? Seeing what emerges from the=
galls in the <br>>=3B spring is worthwhile=2C if only<br>>=3B <br>>=
=3B Here's the substance of Ken's reply about Eurostra showing up at a new =
<br>>=3B location -<br>>=3B <br>>=3B "The reporting of Eurosta and Ep=
iblema is totally spotty and anecdotal. <br>>=3B The adult insects can =
only 'hop' in the air and so the distribution of <br>>=3B both insects ha=
s a FOUNDER EFFECT with heavily infested plots right next <br>>=3B to no-=
insects-ever. It is likely that they are distributed as far north <br>>=
=3B as the host plant and have been present forever and just not seen <br>=
>=3B before in Panda Poop Nova Scotia or Upper BugFuck Ontario. In the <b=
r>>=3B beginning when we did general articles we heard from Northern Onta=
rio <br>>=3B WAY up about frozen snakes that they had thawed out and tons=
of insect <br>>=3B galls that they had not noticed before but after rea=
ding about us in <br>>=3B "Nature for Kids" magazine they had cut them op=
en=2C written to me about <br>>=3B it=2C and then they had gone back to t=
heir usual activities. Cherchez the <br>>=3B distribution of their HOST =
goldenrod. They will follow that like turtles <br>>=3B follow 'degree day=
s.' If it is going north=2C THAT is what to look for."<br>>=3B <br>>=
=3B I've looked for galls in northern Ontario=2C but the impediment to find=
ing <br>>=3B a range limit has been my deficient Goldenrod species-level =
<br>>=3B identification skills.<br>>=3B <br>>=3B fred.<br>>=3B =3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<br=
>>=3B >=3B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br>>=3B >=3B=
<br>>=3B >=3B Quoting Fred Schueler <=3Bbckcdb@istar.ca>=3B:<br>>=
=3B >=3B<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B On 8/22/2013 1:35 PM=2C Randy Lauff wrote=
:<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B>=3B They are not uncommon here in Antigonish=2C<=
br>>=3B >=3B>=3B<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B * they're studied by Ken &=
=3B Janet Storey at Carleton Univeristy -<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B http://htt=
p-server.carleton.ca/~kbstorey/insects.htm<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B<br>>=3B=
>=3B>=3B "LIFE HISTORIES of GOLDENROD GALL INSECTS - Eurosta solidagin=
is<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B (Fitch) (Diptera=2C Tephritidae) is the larva of =
the goldenrod gall fly.<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B Eggs are laid in the growing=
tips of goldenrod plants in the spring<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B and when the=
y hatch the larvae bore into the center of the stem and<br>>=3B >=3B>=
=3B start to eat. Secretions of the larvae mimic plant hormones and cause<b=
r>>=3B >=3B>=3B the plant to form a ball gall around them and to stoc=
k the inside of<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B the gall with cells that are high in=
nutrients which the larvae eat.<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B Third instar larvae=
reach maximum size by early autumn. They bore a<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B tun=
nel out to near the surface of the gall (leaving just the<br>>=3B >=3B&=
gt=3B epithelium layer) and then settle back into the center of the gall to=
<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B spend the winter. Downy woodpeckers and chickadees =
will tap on galls<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B until they find this tunnel and th=
en dive in the get the juicy larva<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B which is a high f=
at winter treat for them. Once settled in the center<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B=
of the gall=2C the larvae respond to autumn cues (shorter days=2C cooler<b=
r>>=3B >=3B>=3B temperatures=2C senescence of the plant) by preparing=
for winter. They<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B accumulate 2 cryoprotectants=2C gl=
ycerol and sorbitol=2C and increase the<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B supercooling=
point of their body fluids by adding ice nucleators that<br>>=3B >=3B&=
gt=3B stimulate freezing of the larvae whenever temperature drops below<br>=
>=3B >=3B>=3B about -8 to -10=B0C. The larvae survive freezing and ca=
n endure the<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B conversion of up to about 65 % of their=
total body water in the<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B extracellular ice. They end=
ure multiple freeze/thaw cycles over the<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B winter and =
can survive to at least -30=B0C in southern Canada. In late<br>>=3B >=
=3B>=3B March and April=2C the larvae begin to break down their cryoprote=
ctants<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B and get ready to pupate in late April. After =
2-3 weeks=2C the adults<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B hatch=2C walk up the tunnel=
=2C push their way through the surface skin and<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B then=
set off to start the cycle again."<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B<br>>=3B >=3B=
>=3B I've written to the Storeys to see what they know about northern ran=
ge<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B limits of the species=2C and if any increase of t=
he range has been<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B observed with warming temperatures=
.<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B fred.<br>>=3B >=3B>=
=3B ------------------------------------------------------------<br>>=3B =
>=3B>=3B Frederick W. Schueler &=3B Aleta Karstad<br>>=3B=
>=3B>=3B Bishops Mills Natural History Centre - http://pinicola.ca/bmn=
hc.htm<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B Mudpuppy Night in Oxford Mills - http://pinic=
ola.ca/mudpup1.htm<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B Daily Paintings - http://karstadd=
ailypaintings.blogspot.com/<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B RR#2 Bishops Mi=
lls=2C Ontario=2C Canada K0G 1T0<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B on the Smiths Fal=
ls Limestone Plain 44* 52'N 75* 42'W<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B (613)258-310=
7 <=3Bbckcdb at istar.ca>=3B http://pinicola.ca/<br>>=3B >=3B>=3B=
------------------------------------------------------------<br>>=3B >=
=3B<br>>=3B >=3B<br>>=3B <br>>=3B <br>>=3B -- <br>>=3B --------=
----------------------------------------------------<br>>=3B Fr=
ederick W. Schueler &=3B Aleta Karstad<br>>=3B Bishops Mills Natural H=
istory Centre - http://pinicola.ca/bmnhc.htm<br>>=3B Mudpuppy Night in Ox=
ford Mills - http://pinicola.ca/mudpup1.htm<br>>=3B Daily Paintings - htt=
p://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/<br>>=3B RR#2 Bishops Mi=
lls=2C Ontario=2C Canada K0G 1T0<br>>=3B on the Smiths Falls Limestone=
Plain 44* 52'N 75* 42'W<br>>=3B (613)258-3107 <=3Bbckcdb at istar.=
ca>=3B http://pinicola.ca/<br>>=3B ------------------------------------=
------------------------<br></div> </div></body>
</html>=
--_ba208304-cb75-4eb2-967e-3a730a0aa6b9_--
next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
previous message in thread
Index of Subjects