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Index of Subjects --Apple-Mail-05AA0DDB-4232-411B-830A-603AAF0FC6C8 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dragonflies are the most fascinating of insects. Love them! With kindest regards, Mary (Macaulay), P.Eng. Owner Remember Adventures RememberAdventures.ca Now Open for Buggy rentals, picnics, pollinator meadow & games !! Main Street & Trans-Canada Trail Tatamagouche 1-902-293-1533 Twitter @RememberAdventures & @InsectRecovery > On Jul 5, 2015, at 2:23 PM, Phil Schappert <philjs@eastlink.ca> wrote: >=20 > At 3:58 PM +0000 7/5/15, Stephen Shaw wrote: >> The Xerces outfit (see url below from Peter) has quite a wide mandate. >=20 > The founder of the Xerces Society, Bob Pyle, was (and still is) a hero of m= ine. His book, the Audubon Society Handbook for Butterfly Watchers, was a go= dsend for me in the mid-80s and should be required reading for any/all butte= rfly watchers... >=20 >> I'd heard about one species (Anax junius), but was surprised to learn fro= m the Xerces site that they know or suspect that at least 5 species of drago= nfly are north-south migratory, like some populations of the monarch butterf= ly. Most of the monarch populations world-wide are non-migratory, and surpr= isingly, molecular phylogeny reveals that the migratory habit of the North A= merican groups apparently developed as a later offshoot in evolution, not ea= rly. >=20 > I don't find it particularly surprising that many dragonflies are migrator= y, only that it took us so long to figure it out (!). For more info about dr= agonfly migration, I urge folks to visit the Migratory Dragonfly Partnership= site at http://www.migratorydragonflypartnership.org/index/welcome >=20 > The migratory habit (I use "migration" loosely when in comes to Monarchs s= ince they are only one-way migrants) in North American Monarchs is likely du= e to a single factor, the natural north temperate (seasonal and continental)= range of Asclepias syriaca, the "common" milkweed. I think that Monarchs ar= e best considered "re-colonists" in their spring northward movements since t= hey follow the seasonal emergence of milkweed and "leap-frog" over preceding= generations. >=20 > The Danaids, as a whole, are almost entirely restricted to the tropics exc= ept for two species, D. plexippus (the Monarch) and D. gilippus (the Queen),= however, the Queen is a far more recent arrival, dependent on the rapid inc= orporation of A. curasavicca (the tropical milkweed) into gardens across muc= h of North America. The Queen is now known to "migrate" as far north as New J= ersey in some years. There are many other migrants in the Danaidae, includin= g the Blue Crow (Euploea core), which congregate seasonally in roost sites d= ue to seasonal changes in moisture regimes (eg. dry and wet seasons), all WI= THIN the tropics. >=20 > Phil >=20 > --=20 >=20 > Phil Schappert, PhD >=20 > 27 Clovis Ave. > Halifax, NS, B3P 1J3 >=20 > philschappert.ca > imaginaturestudio.ca > imaginaturestudio.blogspot.ca > philschappert.com >=20 > "Just let imagination lead, reality will follow through..." > (Michael Hedges) --Apple-Mail-05AA0DDB-4232-411B-830A-603AAF0FC6C8 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 PGh0bWw+PGhlYWQ+PG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iY29udGVudC10eXBlIiBjb250ZW50PSJ0ZXh0 L2h0bWw7IGNoYXJzZXQ9dXRmLTgiPjwvaGVhZD48Ym9keSBkaXI9ImF1dG8iPjxkaXY+RHJhZ29u ZmxpZXMgYXJlIHRoZSBtb3N0IGZhc2NpbmF0aW5nIG9mIGluc2VjdHMuIExvdmUgdGhlbSE8YnI+ PGJyPldpdGgga2luZGVzdCByZWdhcmRzLDxkaXY+PGJyPjxkaXY+TWFyeSAoTWFjYXVsYXkpLCBQ LkVuZy48L2Rpdj48ZGl2Pk93bmVyPC9kaXY+PGRpdj5SZW1lbWJlciBBZHZlbnR1cmVzPC9kaXY+ PGRpdj48YSBocmVmPSJodHRwOi8vUmVtZW1iZXJBZHZlbnR1cmVzLmNhIj5SZW1lbWJlckFkdmVu dHVyZXMuY2E8L2E+PC9kaXY+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iYmFja2dyb3VuZC1jb2xv cjogcmdiYSgyNTUsIDI1NSwgMjU1LCAwKTsiPk5vdyBPcGVuIGZvciBCdWdneSByZW50YWxzLCBw aWNuaWNzLCBwb2xsaW5hdG9yIG1lYWRvdyAmYW1wOyBnYW1lcyAhITwvc3Bhbj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2 PjxzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSJiYWNrZ3JvdW5kLWNvbG9yOiByZ2JhKDI1NSwgMjU1LCAyNTUsIDApOyBm b250LXNpemU6IDEzcHQ7Ij5NYWluIFN0cmVldCAmYW1wOyBUcmFucy1DYW5hZGEgVHJhaWw8L3Nw YW4+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48ZGl2PjxzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSJiYWNrZ3JvdW5kLWNvbG9yOiByZ2JhKDI1 NSwgMjU1LCAyNTUsIDApOyI+VGF0YW1hZ291Y2hlPC9zcGFuPjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+PHNwYW4gc3R5 bGU9ImJhY2tncm91bmQtY29sb3I6IHJnYmEoMjU1LCAyNTUsIDI1NSwgMCk7Ij4xLTkwMi0yOTMt MTUzMzwvc3Bhbj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2PjxzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSJiYWNrZ3JvdW5kLWNvbG9yOiByZ2Jh KDI1NSwgMjU1LCAyNTUsIDApOyI+VHdpdHRlciBAUmVtZW1iZXJBZHZlbnR1cmVzICZhbXA7IEBJ bnNlY3RSZWNvdmVyeTwvc3Bhbj48L2Rpdj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2Pjxicj48L2Rpdj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2 Pjxicj5PbiBKdWwgNSwgMjAxNSwgYXQgMjoyMyBQTSwgUGhpbCBTY2hhcHBlcnQgJmx0OzxhIGhy ZWY9Im1haWx0bzpwaGlsanNAZWFzdGxpbmsuY2EiPnBoaWxqc0BlYXN0bGluay5jYTwvYT4mZ3Q7 IHdyb3RlOjxicj48YnI+PC9kaXY+PGJsb2NrcXVvdGUgdHlwZT0iY2l0ZSI+PGRpdj48c3Bhbj5B dCAzOjU4IFBNICswMDAwIDcvNS8xNSwgU3RlcGhlbiBTaGF3IHdyb3RlOjwvc3Bhbj48YnI+PGJs b2NrcXVvdGUgdHlwZT0iY2l0ZSI+PHNwYW4+VGhlIFhlcmNlcyBvdXRmaXQgKHNlZSB1cmwgYmVs b3cgZnJvbSBQZXRlcikgaGFzIHF1aXRlIGEgd2lkZSBtYW5kYXRlLjwvc3Bhbj48YnI+PC9ibG9j a3F1b3RlPjxzcGFuPjwvc3Bhbj48YnI+PHNwYW4+VGhlIGZvdW5kZXIgb2YgdGhlIFhlcmNlcyBT b2NpZXR5LCBCb2IgUHlsZSwgd2FzIChhbmQgc3RpbGwgaXMpIGEgaGVybyBvZiBtaW5lLiBIaXMg Ym9vaywgdGhlIEF1ZHVib24gU29jaWV0eSBIYW5kYm9vayBmb3IgQnV0dGVyZmx5IFdhdGNoZXJz LCB3YXMgYSBnb2RzZW5kIGZvciBtZSBpbiB0aGUgbWlkLTgwcyBhbmQgc2hvdWxkIGJlIHJlcXVp cmVkIHJlYWRpbmcgZm9yIGFueS9hbGwgYnV0dGVyZmx5IHdhdGNoZXJzLi4uPC9zcGFuPjxicj48 c3Bhbj48L3NwYW4+PGJyPjxibG9ja3F1b3RlIHR5cGU9ImNpdGUiPjxzcGFuPkknZCBoZWFyZCBh Ym91dCBvbmUgc3BlY2llcyAoQW5heCBqdW5pdXMpLCBidXQgd2FzIHN1cnByaXNlZCB0byBsZWFy biBmcm9tIHRoZSBYZXJjZXMgc2l0ZSB0aGF0IHRoZXkga25vdyBvciBzdXNwZWN0IHRoYXQgYXQg bGVhc3QgNSBzcGVjaWVzIG9mIGRyYWdvbmZseSBhcmUgbm9ydGgtc291dGggbWlncmF0b3J5LCBs aWtlIHNvbWUgcG9wdWxhdGlvbnMgb2YgdGhlIG1vbmFyY2ggYnV0dGVyZmx5LiAmbmJzcDtNb3N0 IG9mIHRoZSBtb25hcmNoIHBvcHVsYXRpb25zIHdvcmxkLXdpZGUgYXJlIG5vbi1taWdyYXRvcnks IGFuZCBzdXJwcmlzaW5nbHksIG1vbGVjdWxhciBwaHlsb2dlbnkgcmV2ZWFscyB0aGF0IHRoZSBt aWdyYXRvcnkgaGFiaXQgb2YgdGhlIE5vcnRoIEFtZXJpY2FuIGdyb3VwcyBhcHBhcmVudGx5IGRl dmVsb3BlZCBhcyBhIGxhdGVyIG9mZnNob290IGluIGV2b2x1dGlvbiwgbm90IGVhcmx5Ljwvc3Bh bj48YnI+PC9ibG9ja3F1b3RlPjxzcGFuPjwvc3Bhbj48YnI+PHNwYW4+SSBkb24ndCBmaW5kIGl0 IHBhcnRpY3VsYXJseSBzdXJwcmlzaW5nIHRoYXQgbWFueSBkcmFnb25mbGllcyBhcmUgbWlncmF0 b3J5LCBvbmx5IHRoYXQgaXQgdG9vayB1cyBzbyBsb25nIHRvIGZpZ3VyZSBpdCBvdXQgKCEpLiBG b3IgbW9yZSBpbmZvIGFib3V0IGRyYWdvbmZseSBtaWdyYXRpb24sIEkgdXJnZSBmb2xrcyB0byB2 aXNpdCB0aGUgTWlncmF0b3J5IERyYWdvbmZseSBQYXJ0bmVyc2hpcCBzaXRlIGF0IDxhI