[NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline

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From: "David & Alison Webster" <dwebster@glinx.com>
To: <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
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Hi Steve & All,                            Dec 18, 2015
    I suppose nearly everyone is bored with this by now but fortunately =
all have a delete button. The only date I see is 'the 1990s' so I have =
to assume that all of their statistics refer to this decade.
    Quoting again the figures from that site: 450,000 km 1990s total, =
121,000 km lost by then and of the total remaining 190,000 km are =
ancient and species rich which implies that (571-190) are not ancient =
and species rich.
=20
    It is my understanding that, in large areas of UK countryside, the =
original woodland flora is found only in ancient well-maintained =
hedgerows. [I read this somewhere decades ago].=20

    If this understanding is correct then the relevant figures are 571 =
and 190 and the proportion of functional hedgerows lost by the 1990s is =
1-(190/571)=3D 0.66; i.e. 66% of functional hedgerows lost by the 1990s.

Yt, DW, Kentville=20



----- Original Message -----=20
  From: Stephen Shaw=20
  To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
  Sent: Thursday, December 17, 2015 7:53 PM
  Subject: Re: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline


  To quantify Dave=92s comment a bit more from the same useful source =
that he has dug up (cited again below):  450,000 km of hedgerows were =
left by the 1990s, and 121,000 km had been lost, so the total aboriginal =
length in, say, the Middle Ages would have been ~571,000 km.  A loss of =
121,000 km by the 1990s therefore represents a ~21.2 percent loss of the =
total original hedgerow in UK.  Of the current remainder, 190,000 km are =
estimated to be species rich and =91ancient=92.   =20
    =20
  Unusefully, the article doesn=92t say whether the losses have been =
concentrated more on the species rich hedgerows.  If this were so, the =
losses of this superior habitat would have been greater than 21%.  The =
poor condition of even the remaining hedgerow is attributed to excessive =
use of fertilizer and pesticides in intensive farming, and decline in =
traditional management practices.   This article concerns hedgerows, and =
doesn=92t touch on the massive deforestation in much of the UK, to fuel =
such early practices as charcoal production for iron smelting.=20


  On a comparative technical point, we've also been back several times =
in the last few years, using rental cars in England, Scotland and Wales. =
 At least as the main driver, I couldn=92t hazard a guess at the state =
of the hedgerows because even though UK major road surfaces are =
generally much better maintained than here, traffic density and speed =
there in England at least is frightening these days, such that loss of =
attention for even a second or two to view the scenery would likely lead =
to annihilation.  Parking a car on the side of the road is often now =
difficult to almost impossible, even in small villages.  Next time I =
think we had better take a bus tour. =20
  Steve (Hfx)     =20


  On Dec 17, 2015, at 10:32 AM, David & Alison Webster =
<dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:


    Thanks Peter,
        Perceived loss may depend upon the time frame involved and the =
specific area. According to =
http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows
    some 121,000 km of hedgerows had been lost in the UK by the 1990.
        This may be small or large relative to the total remaining; not =
sure.

        I would expect the impact of habitat shrinkage on a population =
to frequently be delayed until some other factor, e.g. adverse weather, =
caused a dramatic decline in numbers. In such circumstances, sparse =
habitat, could readily preclude recovery.

        Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville
      ----- Original Message -----
      From: Hubcove@aol.com
      To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
      Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2015 9:07 PM
      Subject: Re: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline


      In our frequent visits to the UK we haven't noticed much decline =
in hedgerows, probably because there are quite strict regulation =
governing their removal
      Peter Stow
      Hubbards

      In a message dated 2015-12-16 8:32:43 P.M. Atlantic Standard Time, =
dwebster@glinx.com writes:
        Hi Steve & All,                            Dec 16, 2015
            It seems odd that there was no mention of the obvious; loss =
of hedgerows by consolidation of fields and crop specialization which =
would surely imply for some species not only loss of habitat but habitat =
fragmentation.
            Yt, DW, Kentville=20
          ----- Original Message -----
          From: Stephen Shaw
          To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
          Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2015 6:38 PM
          Subject: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline


          Continuing an earlier thread, this short Guardian article =
summarizes a robust increase in a few, but drastic decline in many =
species, in UK.  Causes unknown but pesticides and climate change among =
suspects fingered. =20
          Steve (Hfx)





          Begin forwarded message:


            Subject: UK Butterflies decline

            Date: December 15, 2015 at 11:57:09 AM AST


            =
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-over-three-=
quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?utm_source=
=3Desp&utm_medium=3DEmail&utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Charity+appeal+151=
215&utm_term=3D143781&subid=3D14439812&CMP=3DEMCNEWEML6619I




          No virus found in this message.
          Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
          Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release =
Date: 12/14/15

      No virus found in this message.
      Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
      Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date: =
12/14/15



  No virus found in this message.
  Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
  Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4489/11199 - Release Date: =
12/17/15

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1252" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23588">
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY=20
style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space"=20
bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV>Hi Steve &amp; All,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dec=20
18, 2015</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I suppose nearly everyone is bored with this by =
now but=20
fortunately all have a delete button. The only date&nbsp;I see is 'the =
1990s' so=20
I have to assume that all&nbsp;of their statistics&nbsp;refer to this=20
decade.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quoting again the figures from that site: =
450,000 km=20
1990s total, 121,000 km lost by then and of the total remaining 190,000 =
km are=20
ancient and species rich which implies that (571-190) are not ancient =
and=20
species rich.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is my understanding that, in large =
areas&nbsp;of=20
UK&nbsp;countryside, the original woodland flora is found only =
in&nbsp;ancient=20
well-maintained hedgerows. [I read this somewhere decades ago]. </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If&nbsp;this understanding&nbsp;is correct then =
the=20
relevant figures are 571 and 190 and the proportion of functional =
hedgerows lost=20
by the&nbsp;1990s is 1-(190/571)=3D 0.66; i.e. 66% of functional =
hedgerows lost by=20
the 1990s.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Yt,&nbsp;DW, Kentville&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
dir=3Dltr>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
  <A title=3Dsrshaw@Dal.Ca href=3D"mailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca">Stephen =
Shaw</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
  href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A> =
</DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, December 17, =
2015 7:53=20
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NatureNS] UK =
Butterflies=20
  decline</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>To quantify Dave=92s comment a bit more from the same =
useful=20
  source that he has dug up (cited again below): &nbsp;450,000 km of =
hedgerows=20
  were left by the 1990s, and 121,000 km had been lost, so the total =
aboriginal=20
  length in, say, the Middle Ages would have been ~571,000 km. &nbsp;A =
loss of=20
  121,000 km by the 1990s therefore represents a ~21.2 percent loss of =
the total=20
  original hedgerow in UK. &nbsp;Of the current remainder, 190,000 km =
are=20
  estimated to be species rich and =91ancient=92. &nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  <DIV>&nbsp; &nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>Unusefully, the article doesn=92t say whether the losses have =
been=20
  concentrated more on the species rich hedgerows. &nbsp;If this were =
so, the=20
  losses of this superior habitat would have been greater than 21%. =
&nbsp;The=20
  poor condition of even the remaining hedgerow is attributed to =
excessive use=20
  of fertilizer and pesticides in intensive farming, and decline in =
traditional=20
  management practices. &nbsp; This article concerns hedgerows, and =
doesn=92t=20
  touch on the massive deforestation in much of the UK, to fuel such =
early=20
  practices as charcoal production for iron smelting.&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>On a comparative technical point, we've also been back several =
times in=20
  the last few years, using rental cars in England, Scotland and Wales. =
&nbsp;At=20
  least as the main driver, I couldn=92t hazard a guess at the state of =
the=20
  hedgerows because even though UK major road surfaces are generally =
much better=20
  maintained than here, traffic density and speed there in England at =
least is=20
  frightening these days, such that loss of attention for even a second =
or two=20
  to view the scenery would likely lead to annihilation. &nbsp;Parking a =
car on=20
  the side of the road is often now difficult to almost impossible, even =
in=20
  small villages. &nbsp;Next time I think we had better take a bus tour. =

  &nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>Steve (Hfx) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><BR>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>On Dec 17, 2015, at 10:32 AM, David &amp; Alison Webster &lt;<A=20
  href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com">dwebster@glinx.com</A>&gt; =
wrote:</DIV><BR=20
  class=3DApple-interchange-newline>
  <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
    <DIV=20
    style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 10pt Arial; =
WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20
    id=3Drole_body bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" topmargin=3D"7" rightmargin=3D"7" =
leftmargin=3D"7"=20
    bottommargin=3D"7">
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>Thanks Peter,</FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Perceived loss may depend =
upon the time=20
    frame involved and the specific area. According to&nbsp;<A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows">http:/=
/www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows</A></FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>some 121,000 km of hedgerows had been lost in =
the UK by=20
    the 1990.</FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;may be small =
or large=20
    relative&nbsp;to the total remaining; not sure.</FONT></DIV>
    <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I would expect the impact of =
habitat=20
    shrinkage on a population&nbsp;to frequently&nbsp;be=20
    delayed</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT size=3D3>until some other factor, e.g. =
adverse=20
    weather,&nbsp;caused a dramatic decline in numbers. In such=20
    circumstances,&nbsp;sparse habitat, could readily=20
    preclude&nbsp;recovery.</FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=3D3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yt, Dave Webster,=20
Kentville</FONT></DIV>
    <BLOCKQUOTE=20
    style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
    dir=3Dltr>
      <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----</DIV>
      <DIV=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); FONT: 10pt =
arial"><B>From:</B><SPAN=20
      class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A =
title=3DHubcove@aol.com=20
      href=3D"mailto:Hubcove@aol.com">Hubcove@aol.com</A></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B><SPAN=20
      class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
      =
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A></DIV>=

      <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN=20
      class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Wednesday, December 16, =
2015 9:07=20
      PM</DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN=20
      class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Re: [NatureNS] UK =
Butterflies=20
      decline</DIV>
      <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT id=3Drole_document size=3D2 face=3DArial>
      <DIV>In our frequent visits to the UK we haven't noticed much =
decline in=20
      hedgerows, probably because there are quite strict regulation =
governing=20
      their removal</DIV>
      <DIV>Peter Stow</DIV>
      <DIV>Hubbards</DIV>
      <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>In a message dated 2015-12-16 8:32:43 P.M. Atlantic Standard=20
      Time,<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A=20
      href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com">dwebster@glinx.com</A><SPAN=20
      class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>writes:</DIV>
      <BLOCKQUOTE=20
      style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><FONT=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" size=3D2 face=3DArial>
        <DIV>Hi Steve &amp; All,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dec 16, 2015</DIV>
        <DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It seems odd that there was no mention =
of the=20
        obvious; loss of hedgerows by consolidation of fields and crop=20
        specialization which would surely&nbsp;imply for some =
species&nbsp;not=20
        only loss of habitat but habitat fragmentation.</DIV>
        <DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yt, DW, Kentville&nbsp;</DIV>
        <BLOCKQUOTE=20
        style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
        dir=3Dltr>
          <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message =
-----</DIV>
          <DIV=20
          style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); FONT: 10pt =
arial"><B>From:</B><SPAN=20
          class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A =
title=3Dmailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca=20
          href=3D"mailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca">Stephen Shaw</A></DIV>
          <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B><SPAN=20
          class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A=20
          title=3Dmailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
          =
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A></DIV>=

          <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN=20
          class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Wednesday, December =
16, 2015=20
          6:38 PM</DIV>
          <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN=20
          class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>[NatureNS] UK =
Butterflies=20
          decline</DIV>
          <DIV><BR></DIV>Continuing an earlier thread, this short =
Guardian=20
          article summarizes a robust increase in a few, but drastic =
decline in=20
          many species, in UK. &nbsp;Causes unknown but pesticides and =
climate=20
          change among suspects fingered.&nbsp;=20
          <DIV>Steve (Hfx)<BR>
          <DIV apple-content-edited=3D"true"><BR></DIV>
          <DIV><BR>
          <DIV>Begin forwarded message:</DIV><BR>
          <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
            <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0px"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>Subject:<SPAN=20
            class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN=20
            style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>UK Butterflies=20
            decline</B><BR></SPAN></DIV>
            <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0px"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>Date:<SPAN=20
            class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN=20
            style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">December 15, 2015 at =
11:57:09 AM=20
            AST</SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
          <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite">
            <DIV dir=3Dltr><A=20
            =
title=3Dhttp://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-ove=
r-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?ut=
m_source=3Desp&amp;utm_medium=3DEmail&amp;utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Ch=
arity+appeal+151215&amp;utm_term=3D143781&amp;subid=3D14439812&amp;CMP=3D=
EMCNEWEML6619I=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-ove=
r-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?ut=
m_source=3Desp&amp;utm_medium=3DEmail&amp;utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Ch=
arity+appeal+151215&amp;utm_term=3D143781&amp;subid=3D14439812&amp;CMP=3D=
EMCNEWEML6619I">http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/declin=
e-in-over-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-pa=
ckham?utm_source=3Desp&amp;utm_medium=3DEmail&amp;utm_campaign=3DGU+Today=
+main+Charity+appeal+151215&amp;utm_term=3D143781&amp;subid=3D14439812&am=
p;CMP=3DEMCNEWEML6619I</A></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></DIV><BR></DIV><A></A>
          <P align=3Dleft avgcert??=3D"">No virus found in this =
message.<BR>Checked=20
          by AVG -<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A=20
          title=3Dhttp://www.avg.com/=20
          href=3D"http://www.avg.com/">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: =
2016.0.7294 /=20
          Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date:=20
        =
12/14/15</P></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></FONT><A></A>
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      Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date:=20
  12/14/15</P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV><A></A>
  <P align=3Dleft avgcert?? color=3D"#000000">No virus found in this=20
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  href=3D"http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 2016.0.7294 / =
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