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> This forest article was forwarded
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Hi Lois,
This may have been a follow up of studies undertaken by Weaver in =
the 30's I think. Don't recall details just very deep rooting of =
herbaceous perennials in the west.
Yt, DW
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Lois Codling=20
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
Sent: Tuesday, February 09, 2016 10:24 PM
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a =
car with the same two trees?
In this regard, my husband says that his Father used to tell about a =
study done at the U. of Sask. around 1950. They CAREFULLY dug out an =
alfalfa plant in southern Sask. They were down 50 feet when they finally =
lost its roots. Talk about a deep-rooted plant!
Lois Codling
On 08/02/2016 2:05 PM, David & Alison Webster wrote:
Hi John & All,
Any deep-rooted plant will move nutrients to the surface if that =
is what you mean. Grasses are in general better than trees because their =
fine roots can penetrate the pores of rigid soils not accessible to tree =
roots. This is why Agropyron repens (Couch) is such a vigorous weed. And =
why the fertility of Prairie soil is immense.
Yt, DW
----- Original Message -----=20
From: John and Nhung=20
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
Sent: Monday, February 08, 2016 12:06 PM
Subject: RE: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we =
rather a car with the same two trees?
When I was a CUSO volunteer in Northeast Thailand, thirty-odd =
years ago, our country Director (a soil scientist by training) called =
trees =E2=80=9Cnutrient pumps.=E2=80=9D =20
Made eminent sense in an area with terrible soils, with minimal =
organic content.
From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca =
[mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] On Behalf Of Nicholas Hill
Sent: February 8, 2016 11:44 AM
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we =
rather a car with the same two trees?
Trees have been called environmental engineers as they make =
habitat and set up the food web. We are very lucky to have neighbours =
that let us walk and bring kids through their woods that are in good =
condition with large mature trees of pines and hemlock. We saw the =
strips of tree felling from the microbursts that we called the Berwick =
Blow of a few winters ago that took out some 200 year old hemlock but we =
also see blow down along a line between two properties where still =
another neighbour has clearcut and it has made it not possible to ski in =
the adjacent uncut property over a 40m width due to blow down.=20
On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 11:06 AM, David & Alison Webster =
<dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:
Hi Dusan,
Yes and no. A sufficiently high wind can mow a swath through =
undisturbed forest. And counting Dec 13, 2010 (ignoring Juan because it =
was local) we have had two high winds recently; one even in May, 2013 =
(?). And many winds which finish the job or start fresh ones.
The Kentville ravine is a good example; the 2010 wind felled a =
significant area of Hemlock/hardwood. In my woods more Poplar went over =
than 5 households could use both as 'scattered' trees of up to 6 in one =
domino and two areas (~1 acre & 2 acres) where nearly every tree went =
down. Most large Spruce which survived 2010 were taken in 2013.=20
=20
I think we are in a new era of damaging winds. Note that Juan =
took large trees and spared medium trees. With regard to canopy =
protection this no doubt helps but if trees grow with space they are =
better anchored than trees which grow crowded.=20
Yt, DW
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Dusan Soudek=20
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
Sent: Monday, February 08, 2016 9:28 AM
Subject: Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we =
rather a car with the same two trees?
=EF=BB=BF To Donna, David, et al;=20
one of the obvious way trees in a forest cooperate is protection =
against strong winds. A solitary tree is unlikely to withstand =
windstorms, a forest with an intact canopy usually does. But, on the =
other hand, there is brutal competition for sunlight in a forest. Taller =
trees inhibit the growth of smaller trees, often their conspecifics and =
even their own descendants. Of the millions and millions of seeds a =
mature tree will produce over its lifetime, on the average only one will =
reach maturity...=20
Dusan Soudek=20
On February 8, 2016 at 8:21 AM David & Alison Webster =
<dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:=20
Hi Donna & All, Feb 8, =
2016=20
The book, The Hidden Life of Trees, should be interesting =
reading.=20
But there is nothing mysterious about "...for reasons =
unknown, keep the ancient stumps of long-felled companions alive for =
centuries by feeding them a sugar solution through their roots.=E2=80=9D =
This is root grafting practiced by Spruce sometimes, Hemlock always, Fir =
sometimes and Norway Maple.=20
Root grafting is I suspect a reflection of somewhat =
hostile soil conditions and/or perhaps 'permanent woodland' such that =
extension roots tend to follow old root channels as opposed to making a =
new one. When a root cap of tree A meets one of tree B they sometimes =
(always ?) unite and form a 2-way link.=20
Decades ago I came across a great example of this at Dean =
Chapter Lake. The roots of the Spruce forest which had been killed by =
raising the water level for hydro were mostly intact but exposed by =
wash. Every Spruce I saw was attached to two or more Spruce by grafting.
Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Donna Crossland=20
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
Sent: Sunday, February 07, 2016 9:11 PM=20
Subject: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we =
rather a car with the same two trees?=20
This forest article was forwarded to me by Jon Percy. Bob =
Bancroft has also circulated around to some, but it is worth ensuring =
that everyone sees it. =20
=
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/world/europe/german-forest-ranger-finds=
-that-trees-have-social-networks-too.html?hp&action=3Dclick&pgtype=3DHome=
page&clickSource=3Dstory-heading&module=3Dsecond-column-region®ion=3Dt=
op-news&WT.nav=3Dtop-news&_r=3D0
The parts I enjoyed-
=E2=80=9C in nature, trees operate less like individuals and =
more as communal beings. Working together in networks and sharing =
resources, they increase their resistance.=E2=80=9D
=E2=80=9CIn one forest, they said, when they wanted to buy a =
car, they cut two trees. For us, at the time, two trees would buy you a =
pizza.=E2=80=9D
=E2=80=9C that trees in the forest are social beings. They =
can count, learn and remember; nurse sick neighbors; warn each other of =
danger by sending electrical signals across a fungal network known as =
the =E2=80=9CWood Wide Web=E2=80=9D; and, for reasons unknown, keep the =
ancient stumps of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feeding =
them a sugar solution through their roots.=E2=80=9D
This should be required reading for all personnel who =
=E2=80=98manage=E2=80=99 our forests.
If we want folks to relate to the forest on a more personal =
level, other than as a simple entity to mow down for relatively low =
profit, this way of describing our forests may be a good approach.
No virus found in this message.
Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release =
Date: 02/05/16
=20
No virus found in this message.
Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release =
Date: 02/05/16
This email has been sent from a virus-free computer =
protected by Avast.=20
www.avast.com =20
No virus found in this message.
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02/05/16
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02/09/16
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<DIV>Hi Lois,</DIV>
<DIV> This may have been a follow up of studies =
undertaken by=20
Weaver in the 30's I think. Don't recall details just very deep rooting =
of=20
herbaceous perennials in the west.</DIV>
<DIV>Yt, DW</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
dir=3Dltr>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dloiscodling@hfx.eastlink.ca=20
href=3D"mailto:loiscodling@hfx.eastlink.ca">Lois Codling</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A> =
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, February 09, =
2016 10:24=20
PM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NatureNS] two =
trees to buy=20
a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two trees?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>In this regard, my husband says that his Father used to =
tell=20
about a study done at the U. of Sask. around 1950. They =
CAREFULLY dug=20
out an alfalfa plant in southern Sask. They were down 50 feet when =
they=20
finally lost its roots. Talk about a deep-rooted =
plant!<BR><BR>Lois=20
Codling<BR><BR><BR>
<DIV class=3Dmoz-cite-prefix>On 08/02/2016 2:05 PM, David & Alison =
Webster=20
wrote:<BR></DIV>
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<DIV>Hi John & All,</DIV>
<DIV> Any deep-rooted plant will move nutrients to =
the=20
surface if that is what you mean. Grasses are in general better than =
trees=20
because their fine roots can penetrate the pores of rigid soils not=20
accessible to tree roots. This is why Agropyron repens (Couch) =
is such=20
a vigorous weed. And why the fertility of Prairie soil is=20
immense.</DIV>
<DIV>Yt, DW</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20
dir=3Dltr>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- =
</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dnhungjohn@eastlink.ca =
href=3D"mailto:nhungjohn@eastlink.ca"=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">John and Nhung</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" =
moz-do-not-send=3D"true"><A=20
class=3Dmoz-txt-link-abbreviated=20
=
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A></A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 08, =
2016 12:06=20
PM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> RE: [NatureNS] two =
trees to=20
buy a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two =
trees?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=3DWordSection1>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt">When=20
I was a CUSO volunteer in Northeast Thailand, thirty-odd years =
ago, our=20
country Director (a soil scientist by training) called trees =
=E2=80=9Cnutrient=20
pumps.=E2=80=9D <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Made=20
eminent sense in an area with terrible soils, with minimal organic =
content.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"=20
lang=3DEN-US>From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" =
lang=3DEN-US> <A=20
href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca"=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</A> [<A=20
class=3Dmoz-txt-link-freetext=20
=
href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens-owner@chebu=
cto.ns.ca</A>]=20
<B>On Behalf Of </B>Nicholas Hill<BR><B>Sent:</B> February 8, 2016 =
11:44=20
AM<BR><B>To:</B> <A class=3Dmoz-txt-link-abbreviated=20
=
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A><BR><B=
>Subject:</B>=20
Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car =
with the=20
same two trees?<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>Trees have been called environmental =
engineers as they=20
make habitat and set up the food web. We are very lucky to have =
neighbours=20
that let us walk and bring kids through their woods that are in =
good=20
condition with large mature trees of pines and hemlock. We saw the =
strips=20
of tree felling from the microbursts that we called the Berwick =
Blow of a=20
few winters ago that took out some 200 year old hemlock but we =
also see=20
blow down along a line between two properties where still another=20
neighbour has clearcut and it has made it not possible to ski in =
the=20
adjacent uncut property over a 40m width due to blow=20
down. <O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 11:06 AM, David & =
Alison=20
Webster <<A href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">dwebster@glinx.com</A>> =
wrote:<O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>Hi Dusan,<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> Yes and no. A sufficiently =
high wind=20
can mow a swath through undisturbed forest. And counting Dec 13, =
2010=20
(ignoring Juan because it was local) we have had two high =
winds=20
recently; one even in May, 2013 (?). And many winds which =
finish the=20
job or start fresh ones.<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> The Kentville ravine is a =
good=20
example; the 2010 wind felled a significant area of =
Hemlock/hardwood.=20
In my woods more Poplar went over than 5 households could use both =
as=20
'scattered' trees of up to 6 in one domino and two areas (~1 =
acre=20
& 2 acres) where nearly every tree went down. Most large =
Spruce=20
which survived 2010 were taken in 2013. <O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> <O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> I think we are in a new =
era of=20
damaging winds. Note that Juan took large trees and spared medium =
trees.=20
With regard to canopy protection this no doubt helps but if trees =
grow=20
with space they are better anchored than trees which grow crowded. =
<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>Yt, DW<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt =
solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 3.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: =
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none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm">
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">-----=20
Original Message ----- <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4" class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A =
title=3Dsoudekd@ns.sympatico.ca =
href=3D"mailto:soudekd@ns.sympatico.ca"=20
target=3D_blank moz-do-not-send=3D"true">Dusan Soudek</A>=20
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A =
title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca =
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca"=20
target=3D_blank =
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A>=20
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> =
Monday,=20
February 08, 2016 9:28 AM<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> =
Re:=20
[NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car =
with the=20
same two trees?<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">=EF=BB=BF</SPAN> To=20
Donna, David, et al; <O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>one of the obvious way trees in a =
forest=20
cooperate is protection against strong winds. A solitary tree is =
unlikely to withstand windstorms, a forest with an intact=20
canopy usually does. But, on the other hand, there is =
brutal=20
competition for sunlight in a forest. Taller trees =
inhibit the=20
growth of smaller trees, often their conspecifics and even their =
own=20
descendants. Of the millions and millions of seeds a mature tree =
will=20
produce over its lifetime, on the average only one will reach=20
maturity... <O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> Dusan Soudek =
<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1pt =
solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; PADDING-LEFT: 8pt; =
PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: =
medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm">
<P style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=3DMsoNormal>On February =
8, 2016 at=20
8:21 AM David & Alison Webster <<A=20
href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">dwebster@glinx.com</A>> wrote:=20
<O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal>Hi Donna & All, =20
=20
=20
Feb =
8, 2016=20
<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> The book, The Hidden =
Life of=20
Trees, should be interesting reading. =
<O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal> But there is nothing =
mysterious=20
about <SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">"...for=20
reasons unknown, keep the ancient stumps of long-felled =
companions=20
alive for centuries by feeding them a sugar solution through =
their=20
roots.=E2=80=9D </SPAN>This is root grafting practiced by =
Spruce sometimes,=20
Hemlock always, Fir sometimes and Norway Maple. =
<O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"> Root grafting=20
is I suspect a reflection of somewhat hostile soil conditions =
and/or=20
perhaps 'permanent woodland' such that extension roots tend to =
follow=20
old root channels as opposed to </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">making=20
a new one. When a root cap of tree A meets one of tree B they=20
sometimes (always ?) unite and form a 2-way link.=20
</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> =20
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Decades=20
ago I came across a great example of this at Dean Chapter =
Lake. The=20
roots of the Spruce forest which had been killed by raising =
the water=20
level for hydro were mostly intact but exposed by wash. Every =
Spruce I=20
saw was attached to two or more Spruce by=20
grafting.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Yt,=20
Dave Webster, Kentville</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt =
solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 3.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: =
4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium =
none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm">
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">-----=20
Original Message ----- <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4" =
class=3DMsoNormal><STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">From:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt"> <A=20
href=3D"mailto:dcrossland@eastlink.ca" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">Donna Crossland</A>=20
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">To:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt"> <A=20
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A>=20
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">Sent:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt"> Sunday,=20
February 07, 2016 9:11 PM <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">Subject:</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: =
10pt">=20
[NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car =
with=20
the same two trees? <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt">This=20
forest article was forwarded to me by Jon Percy. Bob =
Bancroft=20
has also circulated around to some, but it is worth ensuring =
that=20
everyone sees it. </SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><A=20
=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/world/europe/german-forest-rang=
er-finds-that-trees-have-social-networks-too.html?hp&action=3Dclick&a=
mp;pgtype=3DHomepage&clickSource=3Dstory-heading&module=3Dsecond-=
column-region&region=3Dtop-news&WT.nav=3Dtop-news&_r=3D0"=20
target=3D_blank moz-do-not-send=3D"true"><A =
class=3Dmoz-txt-link-freetext=20
=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/world/europe/german-forest-rang=
er-finds-that-trees-have-social-networks-too.html?hp&action=3Dclick&a=
mp;pgtype=3DHomepage&clickSource=3Dstory-heading&module=3Dsecond-=
column-region&region=3Dtop-news&WT.nav=3Dtop-news&_r=3D0">htt=
p://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/world/europe/german-forest-ranger-finds-th=
at-trees-have-social-networks-too.html?hp&action=3Dclick&pgtype=3D=
Homepage&clickSource=3Dstory-heading&module=3Dsecond-column-regio=
n&region=3Dtop-news&WT.nav=3Dtop-news&_r=3D0</A></A><O:P></O:=
P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: =
white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">The=20
parts I enjoyed-</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: =
white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">=E2=80=9C in=20
nature, trees operate less like individuals and more as =
communal=20
beings. Working together in networks and sharing resources, =
they=20
increase their resistance.=E2=80=9D</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: =
white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">=E2=80=9CIn=20
one forest, they said, when they wanted to buy a car, they =
cut two=20
trees. For us, at the time, two trees would buy you a=20
pizza.=E2=80=9D</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: =
white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">=E2=80=9C=20
that trees in the forest are social beings. They can count, =
learn=20
and remember; nurse sick neighbors; warn each other of =
danger by=20
sending electrical signals across a fungal network known as =
the=20
=E2=80=9CWood Wide Web=E2=80=9D; and, for reasons unknown, =
keep the ancient stumps=20
of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feeding =
them a=20
sugar solution through their =
roots.=E2=80=9D</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 14pt">This=20
should be required reading for all personnel who =
=E2=80=98manage=E2=80=99 our=20
forests.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P>
<P style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: =
auto"=20
class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; =
FONT-SIZE: 11pt">If=20
we want folks to relate to the forest on a more personal =
level,=20
other than as a simple entity to mow down for relatively low =
profit,=20
this way of describing our forests may be a good=20
approach.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>No virus found in this message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A=20
href=3D"http://www.avg.com" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: =
2016.0.7441 /=20
Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date:=20
02/05/16<O:P></O:P></P></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><BR> <O:P></O:P></P></DIV>
<P>No virus found in this message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A=20
href=3D"http://www.avg.com" target=3D_blank=20
moz-do-not-send=3D"true">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 2016.0.7441 =
/ Virus=20
Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date:=20
02/05/16<O:P></O:P></P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><O:P></O:P></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P align=3Dleft avgcert??=3D"" color=3D"#000000">No virus found in =
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<P align=3Dleft avgcert?? color=3D"#000000">No virus found in this=20
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