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--94eb2c09d5ea80a20305366d51c9 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thanks for the interesting info on the different species of Blackfly in NS. So the old fellas were onto something after all. On Tue, Jun 28, 2016 at 11:00 PM, Murray Colbo <colbo@bellaliant.net> wrote= : > My name is Murray Colbo and I retired from memorial University in 2007. = I > researched blackflies in Newfoundland and Labrador for many years and the= ir > control and my PhD on them in Queensland Australia. > > Black flies all have larvae that live in running water i.e streams and > rivers around the world. Not all species feed on blood and of those that > do only females bite to take blood for the development of their eggs. > > First the person in U of Toronto who Fred mention was Dr. Klaus Rothfels > who passed away in the 1980=E2=80=99s and I knew him and had meetings wit= h him on > several occasions. He was one of the originators of using Chromosome > banding patterns to separate black fly species as there are many species > complexes where the species all look alike but their ecology is quite > different. > > Adler, Currie and wood published The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North > America in 2004 which was 941 PP and is to that time a comprehensive > outline of species and their ecology to that time. Many past species nam= es > used for example in newfoundland and here in Maritimes were found in erro= r > because they were part of a complex of species and what I or others calle= d > a taxa was not that but a new species within the complex. Thus species > identification is not easy and either needs knowledge of chromosome bandi= ng > patterns or now they are moving to DNA and the subsequent bar codes. They > noted at that time there were 1772 valid species described from planet an= d > 252 from North America. > > From that book there are about 39 species in Newfoundland and Labrador an= d > 37 here in Maritimes. Most of these do not bite man and few do not bite a= t > all although most do. Many feed on birds and other mammals with several > relatively specific to a type of host i.e bird such as water birds or > forest birds, large or small mammals etc. > > It was interesting that the comment was made that species with a line of > white on front legs, which are some of the species of the genus Simulium, > and there are several species here with those white stripped legs, don=E2= =80=99t > bite. Well many do not but some species of that group in fact do so. I w= as > bitten in yard here in Coldbrook by them just with in last few days. The= se > species hatch in spring to late fall with most species in early spring = =E2=80=93 > summer. One or two have more than one generation per year but some only > one that occurs in spring although adults may live into summer under righ= t > conditions. > > The dark legged species that bite people are in this area Prosimulium > species or occasionally Stegopterna. These species all have one generati= on > per year and hatch in fall with larvae growing in streams over the winter > and emerging in the spring as adults. These also may survive under corre= ct > conditions into the summer. This group emerge before the white stripped > leg species. However the female first batch of eggs is developed on food > reserves from larval period and then when those are laid some species see= k > a blood meal to produce a second and even a third or fourth, although rar= e, > batch. Females of these species are much more aggressive blood feeders on > people and often dominate the actual feeding flies although the white > legged ones may be the dominate ones fly around and landing on you. It h= as > been recorded that 95% of those biting you were dark legged but might be > less than 5 % flying around you. Which ones come first depends a bit on > weather conditions as the dark legged females have to lay eggs before > seeking blood meal and they only do that at or above 10 degree C. In fac= t > adults are almost never active below 10-11 degrees and only generally in > day time although that can extend to late evening sometimes. > > Hope this provides some additional information to you > > Murray > > > > > --=20 Rick Ballard Dartmouth,Nova Scotia, Canada --94eb2c09d5ea80a20305366d51c9 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,= serif">Thanks for the interesting info on the different species of Blackfly= in NS. So the old fellas were onto something after all.=C2=A0</div></div><= div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Jun 28, 20= 16 at 11:00 PM, Murray Colbo <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:colbo@= bellaliant.net" target=3D"_blank">colbo@bellaliant.net</a>></span> wrote= :<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-le= ft:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> <div dir=3D"ltr"> <div dir=3D"ltr"> <div style=3D"FONT-SIZE:12pt;FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri';COLOR:#000000"> <div>My name is Murray Colbo and I retired from memorial University in=20 2007.=C2=A0 I researched blackflies in Newfoundland and Labrador for many y= ears=20 and their control and my PhD on them in Queensland Australia.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>Black flies all have larvae that live in running water i.e streams and= =20 rivers around the world.=C2=A0 Not all species feed on blood and of those t= hat=20 do only females bite to take blood for the development of their eggs.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>First the person in U of Toronto who Fred mention was Dr. Klaus Rothfe= ls=20 who passed away in the 1980=E2=80=99s and I knew him and had meetings with = him on=20 several occasions. He was one of the originators of using Chromosome bandin= g=20 patterns to separate black fly species as there are many species complexes = where=20 the species all look alike but their ecology is quite different.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>Adler, Currie and wood published The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North= =20 America in 2004 which was=C2=A0 941 PP and is to that time a comprehensive= =20 outline of species and their ecology to that time.=C2=A0 Many past species = names=20 used for example in newfoundland and here in Maritimes were found in error= =20 because they were part of a complex of species and what I or others called = a=20 taxa was not that but a new species within the complex.=C2=A0 Thus species= =20 identification is not easy and either needs knowledge of chromosome banding= =20 patterns or now they are moving to DNA and the subsequent bar codes. They n= oted=20 at that time there were 1772 valid species described from planet and 252 fr= om=20 North America.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>From that book there are about 39 species in Newfoundland and Labrador= and=20 37 here in Maritimes. Most of these do not bite man and few do not bite at = all=20 although most do. Many feed on birds and other mammals with several relativ= ely=20 specific to a type of host i.e bird such as water birds or forest birds,=C2= =A0=20 large or small mammals etc.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>It was interesting that the comment was made that species with a line= =20 of=C2=A0 white on front legs, which are some of the species of the genus=20 Simulium, and there are several species here with those white stripped legs= ,=20 don=E2=80=99t bite. Well many do not but some species of that group in fact= do so.=C2=A0=20 I was bitten in yard here in Coldbrook by them just with in last few days.= =C2=A0=20 These species=C2=A0 hatch in spring to late fall with most species in early= =20 spring =E2=80=93 summer.=C2=A0 One or two have more than one generation per= year but=20 some only one that occurs in spring although adults may live into summer un= der=20 right conditions.</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>The dark legged=C2=A0 species that bite people are in this area Prosim= ulium=20 species or occasionally Stegopterna.=C2=A0 These species all have one gener= ation=20 per year and hatch in fall with larvae growing in streams over the winter a= nd=20 emerging in the spring as adults.=C2=A0 These also may survive under correc= t=20 conditions into the summer.=C2=A0 This group emerge before the white stripp= ed=20 leg species.=C2=A0 However the female first batch of eggs is developed on f= ood=20 reserves from larval period and then when those are laid some species seek = a=20 blood meal to produce a second and even a third or fourth, although rare, b= atch.=20 Females of these species are much more aggressive blood feeders on people a= nd=20 often dominate the actual=C2=A0 feeding flies although the white legged one= s may=20 be the dominate ones fly around and landing on you.=C2=A0 It has been recor= ded=20 that 95% of those biting you were dark legged but might be less than 5 % fl= ying=20 around you. Which ones come first depends a bit on weather conditions as th= e=20 dark legged females have to lay eggs before seeking blood meal and they onl= y do=20 that at=C2=A0 or above 10 degree C. In fact adults are almost never active = below=20 10-11 degrees and only generally in day time although that can extend to la= te=20 evening sometimes. </div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>Hope this provides some additional information to you</div><span class= =3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>Murray</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>=C2=A0</div> <div>=C2=A0</div></font></span></div></div></div> </blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class= =3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature"><span style=3D"font= -family:georgia,serif">Rick Ballard </span><br style=3D"font-family:georgia= ,serif"><span style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif">Dartmouth,Nova Scotia, Ca= nada </span><br style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif"><span style=3D"font-fam= ily:georgia,serif"></span></div> </div> --94eb2c09d5ea80a20305366d51c9--
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