Re[2]: [NatureNS] Duckweed

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From: N Robinson <nrobbyn@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Mar 2018 16:42:00 -0500
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Interesting discussion - thank you!

And then there is Wikipedia re interesting research going on:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae

"Duckweed is being studied by researchers around the world as a possible
source of clean energy. In the United States, in addition to being the
subject of study by the DOE, both Rutgers University
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_University> and North Carolina State
University <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University>
have ongoing projects to determine whether duckweed might be a source of
cost-effective, clean, renewable energy
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy>.[18]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-18>[19]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-19> Duckweed is a good
candidate as a biofuel because it grows rapidly, produces five to six times
as much starch as corn per unit of area, and does not contribute to global
warming.[20] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-20>[21]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-21> Unlike fossil
fuels, duckweed removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere instead of
adding it.[22]" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-22>

Nancy


On Sat, Mar 10, 2018 at 3:52 PM, David <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:

> Hi Steven & All,
>     Good points.  Aquatic plants typically have specialized tissues of
> interconnected passages which are filled with gas when the plant is activ=
e
> and I would expect this to be true of Lemna also. The relative solubility
> of CO2 and O2 in water is no doubt relevant; CO2 is 16.4 and 31.5 times a=
s
> soluble in water as O2 at 0o C and 10oC respectively. So during the growi=
ng
> season, photosynthesis would keep such aerenchyma filled with O2. With
> shorter days and less photosynthesis,  CO2 production by respiration (yea=
r
> round in all living tissue night and day) would gradually exceed O2
> production and lead to a flooding of the ballast tanks as the CO2
> dissolves; submarine down.
>     No doubt details of the anatomy play a part but I would expect stomat=
a
> if present to be on the upper surface.
> Yt, DW,Kentville
>
>
> ------ Original Message ------
> From: "Stephen Shaw" <srshaw@Dal.Ca>
> To: "naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
> Sent: 3/10/2018 3:20:47 PM
> Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Duckweed
>
> Interesting puzzle, perhaps not so simple.  Any cell system like a live
> leaf is bound to be somewhat denser than pond water, regardless of denser
> starch, so will naturally sink at all times unless kept buoyant by the
> extracellular gas bubbles or some other modification.  What seems to need
> explaining is why the bubbles are maintained in summer (dissolved gases c=
an
> pass through lipid cell membranes quickly, so you=E2=80=99d expect them t=
o dissolve
> out into the surrounding pond), and why they disappear in winter.  He
> doesn=E2=80=99t seem to know if it=E2=80=99s CO2 or O2 in the bubbles, or=
 both.  Perhaps
> they are largely O2 in summer and dissolve and normally pass out of the
> leaf to oxygenate the pond and dissolved CO2 moves in, but leaf
> photosynthesis is sufficiently high in summer to maintain them, despite
> these losses.  In winter gas production simply stops, and the non-buoyant
> plants sink.  As winter ends, respiration produces bubbles with a differe=
nt
> gas, CO2, and they rise again then switch over to O2 as photosynthesis
> picks up.
>
> It therefore seems likely that these leaves have some special surface
> coating that slows down gas exchange with the pond.  Maybe they still
> retain stomata under the leaf which normally facilitate gas exchange for
> leaves in air, but these are modified to block or regulate gas exchange i=
n
> water?  Maybe this is already known, just not to us here?
> Steve
>
> On Mar 10, 2018, at 10:45 AM, David <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Nancy & All,
>     I admit not having wondered about this but I think he makes a simple
> process complicated. The air pockets to which he refers are presumably
> intercellular spaces which in the absence of photosynthesis presumably ca=
n
> become water filled. Starch has a specific gravity of 1.5 g/mL and, in
> cooler weather starch will accumulate when respiration slows more than
> photosynthesis and the submarine will sink. With warming, growth resumes,
> respiration and starch consumption rates increase and  the submarine rise=
s.
> Yt, DW, Kentville
>
> ------ Original Message ------
> From: "nancy dowd" <nancypdowd@gmail.com>
> To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
> Sent: 3/10/2018 9:08:02 AM
> Subject: [NatureNS] Duckweed
>
> This is an interesting article on Duckweed seasonal disappearance and
> reappearance in the Spring 2018 issue of Northern Woodlands Magazine.
> https://northernwoodlands.org/outside_story/article/duckweed-migration
>
> I had never really thought about where it went in Fall or how it
> re-emerges in Spring. Such an important floating pond plant in productive
> fresh water
>
> Nancy D
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
>
>


--=20
Nancy Robinson
514-605-7186

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Interesting discussion - thank you!=C2=A0=C2=A0 <br><=
br>And then there is Wikipedia re interesting research going on:=C2=A0 <a h=
ref=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae" target=3D"_blank">https://=
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>Lemnoideae</a><br></div><div><br>&quot;Duckweed =
is being studied by researchers around the world as a possible=20
source of clean energy. In the United States, in addition to being the=20
subject of study by the DOE, both <a href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/=
Rutgers_University" title=3D"Rutgers University" target=3D"_blank">Rutgers =
University</a> and <a href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_=
State_University" title=3D"North Carolina State University" target=3D"_blan=
k">North Carolina State University</a> have ongoing projects to determine w=
hether duckweed might be a source of cost-effective, clean, <a href=3D"http=
s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title=3D"Renewable energy" targ=
et=3D"_blank">renewable energy</a>.<sup id=3D"m_5749390366674581471gmail-ci=
te_ref-18" class=3D"m_5749390366674581471gmail-reference"><a href=3D"https:=
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnoideae#cite_note-18" target=3D"_blank">[18]</a>=
</sup><sup id=3D"m_5749390366674581471gmail-cite_ref-19" class=3D"m_5749390=
366674581471gmail-reference"><a href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemno=
ideae#c