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</span><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br></span><span = --f403045e64fcad2f8b056891553c Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thanks John Good balance. These seabird colonization and local devastations presumably have gone on for millennia. They reset the successional clock and given an occupancy of 100 years in ten thousand a tenth of the islands would be affected by 1 colony per 1000 spatial scale. I will not again demean the double-crested cormorant. My apologies. Nick On Thu, Mar 29, 2018, 2:53 PM John Kearney, <john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca> wrote: > Hi Nick, John, and all, > > In his 1930 monograph on the Double-crested Cormorant, Harrison Lewis, a > contemporary of Robie Tufts, wrote =E2=80=9CFor one reason or another or = for no > reason at all, Double-crested Cormorants have been continually and > consistently persecuted.=E2=80=9D Archaeological research indicates that = they were > more abundant prior to European settlement and declined greatly due to > hunting, and the destruction of their eggs and young. Even after receivin= g > some legal protection, they underwent further decline, along with Ospreys= , > and eagles, from pesticides in the fish food chain. Any indications now > that they are increasing are likely a recovery to more historic levels. > Thus whatever nutrient enrichment they may be responsible for would be > similar to a prior ecological cycle. The enrichment problem caused by > gulls, on the other hand, is the result of the lack of or insufficient > treatment of human waste products. > > I=E2=80=99ve seen many instances where heron and cormorant colonies have = killed > all the trees. These localities would be very rich in nutrients. At one > time, our neighbour to the south would annex any unclaimed island that ha= d > a cormorant colony on it in order to mine the guano. > > John > > > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca <naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca> *On > Behalf Of *Nick Hill > *Sent:* Thursday, March 29, 2018 10:21 > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues > > > > John, are double-crested cormorants becoming a disturbance and habitat > enrichment problem here in NS..similar in a way to herring gulls? > > Nick > > > > On Thu, Mar 29, 2018 at 10:02 AM, John Kearney < > john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca> wrote: > > Hi All, > Two Double-crested Cormorants and six Great Blue Herons arrived at the > Johns Island nesting colony in Yarmouth Harbour this morning. There seeme= d > to be more cormorants crouching in grass, perhaps recovering from their > journey. I couldn=E2=80=99t tell for sure. > None of these were there yesterday when I checked. > John > > Sent from my iPhone > > > > > > -- > > Dr. N.M.Hill > Fern Hill Institute of Plant Conservation > 424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0 > > phone 902-698-0416 > --f403045e64fcad2f8b056891553c Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <div dir=3D"auto">Thanks John<div dir=3D"auto">Good balance. These seabird = colonization and local devastations presumably have gone on for millennia. = They reset the successional clock and given an occupancy of 100 years in te= n thousand a tenth of the islands would be affected by 1 colony per 1000 sp= atial scale.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">I will not = again demean the double-crested cormorant. My apologies.</div><div dir=3D"a= uto">Nick</div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Thu= , Mar 29, 2018, 2:53 PM John Kearney, <<a href=3D"mailto:john.kearney@ns= .sympatico.ca">john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockq= uote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc = solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang=3D"EN-CA" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">= <div class=3D"m_-294403887614431272WordSection1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><sp= an>Hi Nick, John, and all,<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><= span>In his 1930 monograph on the Double-crested Cormorant, Harrison Lewis,= a contemporary of Robie Tufts, wrote =E2=80=9CFor one reason or another or= for no reason at all, Double-crested Cormorants have been continually and = consistently persecuted.=E2=80=9D Archaeological research indicates that th= ey were more abundant prior to European settlement and declined greatly due= to hunting, and the destruction of their eggs and young. Even after receiv= ing some legal protection, they underwent further decline, along with Ospre= ys, and eagles, from pesticides in the fish food chain. Any indications now= that they are increasing are likely a recovery to more historic levels. Th= us whatever nutrient enrichment they may be responsible for would be simila= r to a prior ecological cycle. The enrichment problem caused by gulls, on t= he other hand, is the result of the lack of or insufficient treatment of hu= man waste products.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>I= =E2=80=99ve seen many instances where heron and cormorant colonies have kil= led all the trees. These localities would be very rich in nutrients. At one= time, our neighbour to the south would annex any unclaimed island that had= a cormorant colony on it in order to mine the guano.<u></u><u></u></span><= /p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>John<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"Ms= oNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>= <u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-U= S">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@c= hebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens-owner@chebucto= .ns.ca</a> <<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_= blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>> <b>On Behal= f Of </b>Nick Hill<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 29, 2018 10:21<br><b>To:= </b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"no= referrer">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] Cor= morants and Great Blues<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"M