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=20
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=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">An interesting bird are DC cormorants D=
ave. A very useful bird.</span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Growing up on the shores of Eastern PEI=
, DC Cormorants where very few.<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">A few Great Cormorants nested around th=
e cliffs. Called Shags they were,<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">a name passed down from our Scottish an=
cestors.<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Visiting the area a few years ago there=
was massive flocks of DC Cormorants.<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">I doubt any effort has been taken to fi=
nd out why but a few things come to mind that<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">may or may not be significant - The Can=
so Causeway, the increased use of nitrogen <br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">on the crops and the decrease in the nu=
mber of Red Breasted Mergansers. There are a few<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">others too but I wouldn't bore you!=
I don't expect many to believe me, some pointy heads<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">have expressed their belief I didn'=
t know what I was talking about! But then again I<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">wasn't in a position to offer them =
a grant to study the subject!<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Nevertheless the old nesting islands pr=
oduce the best raspberries one can find<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">as well as gooseberries. Eider Ducks al=
so love these islands - the raspberry canes<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">provide excellent protection from gulls=
and other predators.<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Enjoy the wet spring day!<br/></span>
</div>=20
<div>
<span style=3D"font-size: 12pt;">Paul<br/></span>
</div>=20
<blockquote style=3D"position: relative; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: =
10px; border-left: solid 1px blue;" type=3D"cite">
On March 30, 2018 at 9:31 AM David <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote:
<br/>
<br/>=20
<div>
Hi All,
</div>=20
<div>
    Further to my comments of Mar 29 I now see that bird drop=
pings are indeed acidic; apparently pH 3-4.5 range. Uric acid solubility is=
very low (0.00645 g/100 mL) so this acidity would infiltrate the underlyin=
g soil slowly. Our annual ppt is about 100 cm (100 mL/cm^2) so infiltration=
, after allowing for surface evaporation would be less than 0.006 g/cm^2. B=
y the way, I was kidding about the taste test for bird dropping acidity.=
60;
</div>=20
<div>
    Acid ppt has not been in the foreground recently but, dra=
wing on memory, some events were below pH 4 and that is all available for i=
nfiltration.
</div>=20
<div>
Yt, DW Kentville
</div>=20
<div>
 
</div>=20
<div>
------ Original Message ------
</div>=20
<div>
From: "David" <
dwebster@glinx.com>
</div>=20
<div>
To:=20
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
</div>=20
<div>
Sent: 3/29/2018 8:20:21 PM
</div>=20
<div>
Subject: Re[4]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues
</div>=20
<div>
 
</div>=20
<div id=3D"xaa5a48ce3702473">=20
<blockquote type=3D"cite">=20
<div>
Thanks Lance,
</div>=20
<div>
    On the question of mechanisms I very much doubt that hi=
gh acidity is a factor. Perhaps chicken droppings are quite different from =
Cormorant but, thinking back to chicken roosts indoors there was a strong o=
dor of ammonia; thus basic. And further, many temperate trees are tolerant =
of highly acidic soils. If these droppings are indeed acidic then the dropp=
ings in question should should have a "sauerstoff" taste; like vine=
gar or sauerkraut.
</div>=20
<div>
    If cormorants prefer rocky nesting sites then that in i=
tself could be a factor. If, for example, 90% of the potential rooting dept=
h is rock or coarse sand (>2mm), then only 10% of the volume is availab=
le to hold water or nutrients so it would be vulnerable to dry weather and =
an increase in NH4NO3 deposition which would be harmless on a decent soil (=
90% <2mm) might lead to rank annual herbaceous growth (e.g. Atriplex) a=
nd high rates of water usage until dry. 
</div>=20
<div>
    No doubt, as you say, the rate of deposition per unit a=
rea would be a key factor. But I continue to wonder what happens in areas f=
ree of winter kill potential.
</div>=20
<div>
YT, DW, Kentville
</div>=20
<div>
 
</div>=20
<div>
------ Original Message ------
</div>=20
<div>
From: "Laviolette, Lance" <
<a href=3D"mailto:lance.laviolette@lmco.com">lance.laviolette@lmco.co=
m</a>>
</div>=20
<div>
To: "
<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a=
>" <
<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a=
>>
</div>=20
<div>
Sent: 3/29/2018 6:47:23 PM
</div>=20
<div>
Subject: Re[3]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues
</div>=20
<div>
 
</div>=20
<div id=3D"xf7738411bde6471">=20
<blockquote type=3D"cite">=20
<div class=3D"WordSection1">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Hi David,</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Heron colonies may persis=
t for a long time in the same location. Double-crested Cormorant colonies o=
n the other hand quickly become treeless environments. The nest densities o=
f double-crested cormorant colonies are much higher than that of great blue=
herons. It may be a question of the volume of guano produced in relation t=
o the surface area the colony covers or perhaps double-crested cormorant gu=
ano is more acidic.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Double-crested Cormorants=
prefer rocky nesting sites so it would seem there is an advantage for them=
to quickly change the vegetation structure to that of their preferred type=
. They=E2=80=99ll nest in trees until the habitat is more to their liking a=
nd then it=E2=80=99s ground nesting all the way.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Cheers,</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Lance</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-famil=
y: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<div>=20
<div style=3D"border: none; border-top: solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt; paddi=
ng: 3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; =
font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;">From:</span></strong><span styl=
e=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"> <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a=
> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@c=
hebucto.ns.ca</a>] <strong>On Behalf Of </strong>David<br/> <strong>Sent:</=
strong> March 29, 2018 3:39 PM<br/> <strong>To:</strong> <a href=3D"mailto:=
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br/> <strong>Subject:<=
/strong> EXTERNAL: Re[3]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span></p>=
=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">Hi Again,</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">    My question  was not about composition of=
guano but whether or not it kills woody perennials (especially trees) in a=
reas where hardening off to avoid cold induced winter kill (largely dessica=
tion I think) is not a consideration; tropical to warm temperate. In extrem=
e cases where the deposit rate is high and soil becomes buried I expect all=
plant life is killed. </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">    I visited a "Crane colony" i=
n NS many years ago and there were no live and lots of dead hardwood trees =
but I don't recall any noticeable accumulation of bird droppings on the=
litter. </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;"> </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">Yt, DW, Kentville</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;"> </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">------ Original Message ------</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">From: "Laviolette, Lance" <<a href=3D"mailto:lan=
ce.laviolette@lmco.com">lance.laviolette@lmco.com</a>></span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">To: "<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens=
@chebucto.ns.ca</a>" <<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">na=
turens@chebucto.ns.ca</a>></span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">Sent: 3/29/2018 4:00:57 PM</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;">Subject: Re[2]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span>=
</p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma'=
;,sans-serif;"> </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div id=3D"xfd4c2bb445c549f">=20
<blockquote style=3D"border: none; border-left: solid #CCCCCC 1.0p=
t; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.0pt; margin-left: 3.75pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; mar=
gin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Hi David,</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">You are far more qualif=
ied than I am to understand the soil chemistry involved. Guano is uric acid=
so I=E2=80=99ll hypothesis that the acidic component damages the trees dir=
ectly. </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Nick Hill might also be=
able to comment on the effect that gulls have had on plant community succe=
ssion on Brier Island. I=E2=80=99d be interested to know if it is the soil =
chemistry of former colony locations suppresses shrub and tree growth or if=
there is active destruction of young growth by gulls.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Cheers,</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Lance</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-fam=
ily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<div>=20
<div style=3D"border: none; border-top: solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt; pad=
ding: 3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt=
; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;">From:</span></strong><span st=
yle=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"> <a h=
ref=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca<=
/a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner=
@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <strong>On Behalf Of </strong>David<br/> <strong>Sent:=
</strong> March 29, 2018 1:45 PM<br/> <strong>To:</strong> <a href=3D"mailt=
o:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br/> <strong>Subject=
:</strong> EXTERNAL: Re[2]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span></p=
>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">Hi Lance & All,</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">    I am guessing that tree death is due to wint=
er kill of growth which, due to excess N, failed to harden off. But, does g=
uano also kill woody perennials  where winter kill is not possible (to=
o warm) ?</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">Yt, DW, Kentville </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;"> </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">------ Original Message ------</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">From: "Laviolette, Lance" <<a href=3D"mailto:l=
ance.laviolette@lmco.com">lance.laviolette@lmco.com</a>></span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">To: "<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">nature=
ns@chebucto.ns.ca</a>" <<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">=
naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a>></span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">Sent: 3/29/2018 12:26:34 PM</span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;">Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span><=
/p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family: 'Tahoma&#=
39;,sans-serif;"> </span></p>=20
</div>=20
<div id=3D"x2636aaa9cf7c40d">=20
<blockquote style=3D"border: none; border-left: solid #CCCCCC 1.=
0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.0pt; margin-left: 3.75pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; m=
argin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Hi Everyone,</span></=
p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">That=E2=80=99s the us=
ual cycle of Great Blue Heron and Double-creasted Cormorant nesting on Nova=
Scotia Islands.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Grass > Brambles&=
#62; Shrubs > Trees > double-crested cormorants/great blue herons &=
#62; Trees > Shrubs/brambles > Grass</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Guano is a great fert=
ilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, but like any fertilizer,=
too much is not a good thing and as everyone who has visited a cormorant o=
r great blue heron colony knows, they produce a lot of guano.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The Great Blue Herons=
move to start the process on another treed island once the trees are all k=
illed and can no longer support a nest structure (although I did come acros=
s Great Blue Herons nesting on an island in a lake in Yarmouth County once)=
. </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The Grass stage is pr=
olonged as long as gulls and/or the cormorants start nesting on the ground.=
Common Eiders can be in the mix at several stages. </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The Grass stage ends =
and plant succession begins when these ground nesting species are forced to=
move off the island and erosion hasn=E2=80=99t reduced the island to mostl=
y bare rock.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Cheers,</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Lance</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Baskerville Old Face',serif; color: #1f497d;">Lance Laviole=
tte</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Baskerville Old Face',serif; color: #1f497d;">Glen Robertso=
n, Ontario</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<div>=20
<div style=3D"border: none; border-top: solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt; p=
adding: 3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;">=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0=
pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;">From:</span></strong><span =
style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"> <a=
href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.c=
a</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-own=
er@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <strong>On Behalf Of </strong>John and Nhung<br/> <s=
trong>Sent:</strong> March 29, 2018 10:36 AM<br/> <strong>To:</strong> <a h=
ref=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br/> <st=
rong>Subject:</strong> EXTERNAL: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues<=
/span></p>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Here=E2=80=99s s stor=
y from before your time, John K.!  </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Years ago, the island=
in mid-Yarmouth Harbour was well-treed.  Mighta been back in the =E2=
=80=9970=E2=80=99s that cormorants started to get more abundant and really =
liked that island.  Lotsa bushes on the island now; all the spruce tre=
es died out.</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt; font-f=
amily: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size: 10.0pt=
; font-family: 'Tahoma',sans-serif;">From:</span></strong><span sty=
le=3D"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Tahoma',sans-serif;"> <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a=
> [<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">mailto:naturens-owner@c=
hebucto.ns.ca</a>] <strong>On Behalf Of </strong>Nick Hill<br/> <strong>Sen=
t:</strong> March 29, 2018 10:21 AM<br/> <strong>To:</strong> <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br/> <strong>Subj=
ect:</strong> Re: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span></p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">John, are double-crested cormorants be=
coming a disturbance and habitat enrichment problem here in NS..similar in =
a way to herring gulls?</p>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Nick</p>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Thu, Mar 29, 2018 at 10:02 AM, John=
Kearney <<a href=3D"mailto:john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca">john.kearney@=
ns.sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:</p>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi All,<br/> Two Double-crested Cormor=
ants and six Great Blue Herons arrived at the Johns Island nesting colony i=
n Yarmouth Harbour this morning. There seemed to be more cormorants crouchi=
ng in grass, perhaps recovering from their journey. I couldn=E2=80=99t tell=
for sure.<br/> None of these were there yesterday when I checked.<br/> Joh=
n<br/> <br/> Sent from my iPhone</p>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br/> </p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"> </p>=20
</div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">--</p>=20
<div>=20
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dr. N.M.Hill<br/> Fern Hill Institute =
of Plant Conservation<br/> 424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0<br/> <br/=
> phone 902-698-0416</p>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
</blockquote>=20
</div>=20
</blockquote>=20
</div>=20
</div>=20
</blockquote>=20
</div>=20
</blockquote>=20
</div>=20
</blockquote>=20
<div>
<br/> 
</div>
=20
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