NATO

Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1999 15:37:40 +0100
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From: pnicholl@essex.ac.uk
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Colleagues-
Eric Fawcett suggested I send this one out for discussion. It was prepared
in a UK context but is general in nature.
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			A propos prospective "NATO" meetings.
As I see it three levels of discussion are possible.
	Firstly, is NATO's existence justified? If NATO were an absolute
evil then one should work towards its extinction and not bother about its
policies or procedures. But organizations can incorporate policies that are
themselves undesirable without totally prejudicing the valid existence of
the organization.
Thus the support of both (most) State and Federal governments in the US for
capital punishment (an absolute evil) does not necessarily mean that those
institutions themselves are irreparably corrupt; as opposed to the
relationship between the Third Reich and German policies towards the Jews,
where the policy became so much a raison-d'etre of the state that no rescue
of the state was possible. I suspect that NATO lies somewhere in between
these two examples. Although one can also imagine worlds without NATO, some
of which would be better worlds, there is no obvious path from here to
there.
I am prepared therefore to discuss its policies and procedures in the hope
of helping to achieve some improvement. This at least gives us some hope,
as the demise of NATO in the near future is hard to envisage except under
such circumstances that the cure might be worse than the disease.
	Secondly therefore, can NATO's procedures be changed? One of the
worrying aspects of the Balkan war was the predominance of military over
civilian decision-making and the failure of most NATO governments (except
possibly the USA) to engage in any democratic discussion of the
decision-making. Chirac claims to have vetoed certain military targets but
it is not clear if this veto was available to other or all NATO heads of
state and if it was whether they used it. It seems unlikely to me that the
targeting of Serb TV, which led to deliberate civilian deaths, could have
been explicitly approved in advance by all NATO heads (but perhaps they
should be asked). It is even more unlikely that all NATO parliaments would
have voted in favour of such targeting.
It is unavoidable that if a NATO country were under serious attack that
rapid military decisions would be made by it and the other NATO nations
without prolonged debate. But if NATO is now projecting itself 'out of
theatre' as a "parapolice" authority nearly autonomous of the UN then
decision-making needs clarification. If possible bodies such as the NATO
assembly should be made democratically functional and should be called into
session if and when actions of the Balkan war type are taken in the future.
 	Thirdly, can NATO's policies be changed? We probably all think that
NATO's present nuclear policy as well as being immoral and illegal does not
reflect today's political or even military realities. We can also be
concerned about non-nuclear military policies, including the pressure on
new and old NATO members to arm themselves with weaponry defined by NATO,
and to a level determined by NATO, and to the use by NATO of weaponry such
as cluster bombs and depleted uranium shells that may breach international
conventions and are certainly morally questionable even by non-pacifists.
We are deeply concerned about any decision to go to war. We might also ask
that NATO's political policies be determined democratically, and that
potentially destabilizing decisions such as the admission of Eastern
European countries and the extension of NATO's remit to non-NATO parts of
the world not be undertaken without the broadest discussion and debate. The
relationship between NATO and the UN and the connections between NATO
reform and possible UN reform should also be examined.
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	My view is therefore that any NATO discussion meetings preparatory
to NATO's Brussels meeting in December should include coverage of all three
areas. But the procedures and (non-military) policy areas should have a
substantial presence. We should avoid looking either like purely anti-NATO
rallies or branches of the anti-nuclear weapons movement because that could
sideline the event(s) and the participants. If possible representatives of
NATO could be invited to attend. Roland Kruger from NATO took part in the
Hague meeting by HAP invitation.
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Peter Nicholls, Department of Biological Sciences,
Central Campus, University of Essex,
Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, England.

Tel.: +44-1206-873776 (office) +44-1206-873333 (ex. 3015) (Lab)
Fax : +44-1206-872592
e-mail : pnicholl@essex.ac.uk
http://www.essex.ac.uk/bcs/staff/nicholls/


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