NATO Discussion

From: "Len Johnson" <general@rideau.net>
To: <sfp-net@chebucto.ns.ca>
Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1999 20:17:44 -0400
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I've read Peter Nicholl's post with interest.  Here are my thoughts:

NATO came about, largely at British and Canadian initiative, to keep the =
United States involved in European security.  The purpose of that was to =
bolster weak West European governments, especially France and Italy, =
which faced strong indigenous Communist movements and which, in power, =
could have extended Soviet influence to Western Europe.  Only later, =
during and after the war in Korea, was it militarized. =20

In 1956, after West Germany was admitted to NATO, the Warsaw Treaty =
Organization was formed in response.  We can't understand the origins =
and history of the Cold War without finding some responsibility for it, =
including who broke the Potsdam agreements and who engineered the =
partition of Germany.  (See Carolyn Eirenreich, "Drawing the Line, The =
American Decision to Divide Germany, 1944-1949," Cambridge University =
Press, 1996)

Although Canada supposedly gains military security from the NATO=20
collective defence alliance, plans have never included Europe coming to=20
Canada's defence because there has never been any reason to do so.  =
Canada's interest in European security arises from her participation in =
both World Wars,=20
and the fact that the only military threat to Canada is a war in Europe, =

or arises from the threat thereof, as in intercontinental strategic=20
weapons.  Political interests aside, including the need to have friends=20
vis-a-vis the United States, there is no military reason for Canada to=20
remain in NATO.

After 1989, as long as NATO was avowedly defensive, as in the 1991=20
strategic concept, membership in NATO offered whatever political value=20
it confers at zero military risk.  Since the new strategic concept was=20
unveiled in Washington last April, this is no longer the case. In March, =
membership in the alliance took Canada into an illegal war in =
Yugoslavia.  That was an unintended consequence of membership.

Military alliances need an enemy to give them purpose.  The=20
only conceivable enemy is a renascent Russia, and NATO expansion is a=20
threat to them, whether we say so or not.  By its preparations for war, =
NATO has become a threat to its members, including Canada, and it should =
be abolished.  The 56-member OSCE, a regional collective security entity =
founded on the=20
Helsinki Accords, is the best hope for European security, but NATO=20
stands in the way of its development.  Incorporating European NATO =
forces into the OSCE would be preferable to the current trans-Atlantic =
arrangement.

George Kennan said that NATO expansion is a fateful error, and he is =
right.  Now that it has begun with the admission of three new members =
with status equal to the other 16, it will be difficult to resist =
pressure for others to join.

I look forward to what I hope will be a productive discussion, but our=20
purpose should not be to justify NATO.   We should exert ourselves to=20
building political support for its abolition instead. If we are to =
prevent another European war we must stop preparing for it.

Leonard V. Johnson
Major-General (ret.)
Westport, Ontario
K0G 1X0










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<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>I've read Peter Nicholl's post with=20
interest.&nbsp; Here are my thoughts:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>NATO came about, largely at British =
and Canadian=20
initiative, to keep the United States involved in European =
security.&nbsp; The=20
purpose of that was to bolster weak West European governments, =
especially France=20
and Italy, which faced strong indigenous Communist movements and which, =
in=20
power, could have extended Soviet influence to Western Europe.&nbsp; =
Only later,=20
during and after the war in Korea, was it militarized.&nbsp; =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>In 1956, after West Germany was =
admitted to=20
NATO, the Warsaw Treaty Organization was formed in response.&nbsp; We =
can't=20
understand the origins and history of the Cold War without finding some=20
responsibility for it, including who broke the Potsdam agreements and =
who=20
engineered the partition of Germany.&nbsp; (See Carolyn Eirenreich,=20
&quot;Drawing the Line, The American Decision to Divide Germany,=20
1944-1949,&quot; Cambridge University Press, 1996)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Although Canada supposedly gains =
military=20
security from the NATO <BR>collective defence alliance, plans have never =

included Europe coming to <BR>Canada's defence because there has never =
been any=20
reason to do so.&nbsp; Canada's interest in European security arises =
from her=20
participation in both World Wars, <BR>and the fact that the only =
military threat=20
to Canada is a war in Europe, <BR>or arises from the threat thereof, as =
in=20
intercontinental strategic <BR>weapons.&nbsp; Political interests aside, =

including the need to have friends <BR>vis-a-vis the United States, =
there is no=20
military reason for Canada to <BR>remain in NATO.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>After 1989, as long as NATO was =
avowedly=20
defensive, as in the 1991 <BR>strategic concept, membership in NATO =
offered=20
whatever political value <BR>it confers at zero military risk.&nbsp; =
Since the=20
new strategic concept was <BR>unveiled in Washington last April, this is =
no=20
longer the case. In March, membership in the alliance took Canada into =
an=20
illegal war in Yugoslavia.&nbsp; That was an unintended consequence of=20
membership.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Military alliances need an enemy to =
give them=20
purpose.&nbsp; The <BR>only conceivable enemy is a renascent Russia, and =
NATO=20
expansion is a <BR>threat to them, whether we say so or not.&nbsp; By =
its=20
preparations for war, NATO has become a threat to its members, including =
Canada,=20
and it should be abolished.&nbsp; The 56-member OSCE, a regional =
collective=20
security entity founded on the <BR>Helsinki Accords, is the best hope =
for=20
European security, but NATO <BR>stands in the way of its =
development.&nbsp;=20
Incorporating European NATO forces into the OSCE would be preferable to =
the=20
current