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Hi All,
The discussion has already strayed far from the original topic of=20
Lyme disease so I will continue this journey by throwing in some general=20
thoughts about Hemlock and Yellow Birch; based on casual observation. =20
Both can attain majestic size (so does Oak and Ash) and once=20
established are land hogs. I suspect Yellow Birch does this by a wide=20
ranging root system and Hemlock by widely spreading branches. Hemlock=20
tends to develop relatively pure stands perhaps because they are masters=20
at root grafting and nourish nearby young to replace them when they die.
Thus I have a soft spot for Hemlock and Yellow Birch but know that=20
they too will eventually render their soil more suitable for something=20
else and accordingly succumb to pest or disease; secondary succession in=20
unusually slow motion.
Consequently I think that the death of large numbers of Hemlock in=20
SW NS is not cause for grief or alarm; but perhaps suitable action by=20
landowners.
My 2 cents as someone was fond of saying.
Yt, DW, Kentville
------ Original Message ------
From: "John Kearney" <john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca>
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
Sent: 6/18/2018 9:07:52 AM
Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Lyme disease
>Just to clarify my earlier statement on this subject, I don=E2=80=99t doub=
t=20
>that birds carry the Hemlock Woolley Adelgid or the Black-legged Tick.=20
>Rather, I am suggesting that this fact doesn=E2=80=99t explain why infesta=
tions=20
>occur in some places and not in others. Spring bird migration occurs=20
>over a broad front in the northeast and all areas should be equally or=20
>more affected than Nova Scotia by bird transports.
>
>
>
>Both the Bay-breasted and Blackburnian Warbler cross the Gulf of Mexico=20
>in spring. The most concentrated spring migration occurs in the Ohio=20
>River Valley and much of the St. Lawrence River Valley. Since the=20
>winter range of the Blue-headed Vireo extends into the southeastern=20
>United States, its spring distribution is somewhat more eastward=20
>oriented and concentrated through the Appalachians, Maine, Maritimes=20
>and southern Quebec.
>
>
>
>You might be interested, Donna, in this paper that was published just=20
>last week: Toenies, M. J., D. A. W. Miller, M. R. Marshall and G. E.=20
>Stauffer. 2018. "Shifts in vegetation and avian community structure=20
>following the decline of a foundational forest species, the eastern=20
>hemlock." The Condor120(3): 489-506. I hope such studies have begun in=20
>Nova Scotia, and we should try to see that such studies are initiated=20
>if they haven=E2=80=99t been already.
>
>
>
>John
>
>
>
>
>
>From:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca <naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca> On=20
>Behalf Of Donna Crossland
>Sent: Sunday, June 17, 2018 20:09
>To:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
>Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Lyme disease
>
>
>
>It's worthwhile questioning the ability of spring migrants to spread=20
>insects, such as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). Invariably it's us=20
>humans who are the direct/indirect original vectors of introduction=20
>(and this is the case with HWA as well). I am interested to learn more=20
>about the spring migration routes of species such as Bay-breasted and=20
>Blackburnian warblers, as well as Blue headed vireo, and other high=20
>canopy gleaners of insects in hemlock stands.
>
>I understand that HWA has been migrating more or less steadily toward=20
>northern Maine over the past decades, slowed somewhat by some of the=20
>colder winters. Everything points to it reaching there eventually. =20
>Since the pest consists of "all females", HWA needs only one new=20
>individual to start a whole new population. (We can only hope this=20
>could lead to part of its vulnerability.)
>
>HWA needs to actually land on hemlock. I am not certain that NB has a=20
>lot of hemlock at the border, but it likely features much less than it=20
>once did, given the species sensitivity to fire, land clearance and=20
>clearcuts. (My research in eastern NB indicated a precipitous decline=20
>in expansive hemlock-dominated stands beginning in the early 1800s.) =20
>There may be much less hemlock to become infested with HWA in NB than=20
>in southwestern NS where some impressive hemlock stands remain. Other=20
>plausible theories for HWA dispersal vectors to NS were from high wind=20
>events and nursery stock. Birds seemed more likely to me, especially=20
>given the extremely small size of HWA and its ability to stick fast to=20
>feathers.
>
>It's heart wrenching to watch.
>
>Donna Crossland
>
>
>
>On 2018-06-15 8:07 AM, John Kearney wrote:
>
>>Hi David and all,
>>
>>That=E2=80=99s a very good question. I=E2=80=99ve heard the same reason g=
iven for why=20
>>we have the Hemlock Woolley Adelgid in Nova Scotia but not in northern=20
>>Maine and New Brunswick. I=E2=80=99m not aware of any evidence indicating =
that=20
>>more spring migrants fly to Nova Scotia than Maine or New Brunswick.
>>
>>John
>>
>>
>>
>>From:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca<naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca>=20
>><mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca>On Behalf Of David
>>Sent: Thursday, June 14, 2018 17:10
>>To:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
>>Subject: [NatureNS] Lyme disease
>>
>>
>>
>>Dear All,
>>
>> In the July issue of Maclean's (p.17) are interesting data on Lyme=
=20
>>disease incidence in Canada. The much higher incidence in NS, 21.5=20
>>times as high as the average incidence in the other nine provinces, is=20
>>attributed to "climate and the large number of migratory birds=20
>>carrying ticks from the US."
>>
>> I don't follow why NS would be hit the hardest.
>>
>>Yt, DW
>>
>
>
>
>
><https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=3Dlink&utm_=
campaign=3Dsig-email&utm_content=3Demailclient>
>
>Virus-free. www.avast.com=20
><https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=3Dlink&utm_=
campaign=3Dsig-email&utm_content=3Demailclient>
>
>
>
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v>Hi All,</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 The discussion has already strayed far fr=
om the original topic of Lyme disease so I will continue this journey by th=
rowing in some general thoughts about Hemlock and Yellow Birch; based on ca=
sual observation. =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Both can attain majestic size (so =
does Oak and Ash) and once established are land hogs. I suspect Yellow Bir=
ch does this by a wide ranging root system and Hemlock by widely spreading=
branches. Hemlock tends to develop relatively pure stands perhaps because t=
hey are masters at root grafting and nourish nearby young to replace them w=
hen they die.</div>
<div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Thus I have a soft spot for Hemlock and Yellow Birch but =
know that they too will eventually render their soil more suitable for som=
ething else and accordingly succumb=C2=A0to pest or disease; secondary succ=
ession in unusually slow motion.=C2=A0</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Consequently =
I think that the death of large numbers of Hemlock in SW NS is not cause f=
or grief or alarm; but perhaps suitable action by landowners.=C2=A0</div><d=
iv>=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0My 2 cents as someone was fond of saying.</div><div>Y=
t, DW, Kentville</div>
<div>------ Original Message ------</div>
<div>From: "John Kearney" <<a href=3D"mailto:john.kearney@ns.sympatico.c=
a">john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca</a>></div>
<div>To: <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=
</a></div>
<div>Sent: 6/18/2018 9:07:52 AM</div>
<div>Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Lyme disease</div><div><br /></div>
<div id=3D"xfbaf92d044d04bb"><blockquote cite=3D"000001d406fc$fbfa09e0$f3ee=
1da0$@ns.sympatico.ca" type=3D"cite" class=3D"cite2">
<div class=3D"WordSection1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Just to clarify my earli=
er statement on this subject, I don=E2=80=99t doubt that birds carry the He=
mlock Woolley Adelgid or the Black-legged Tick. Rather, I am suggesting tha=
t this fact doesn=E2=80=99t explain why infestations occur in some places a=
nd not in others. Spring bird migration occurs over a broad front in the no=
rtheast and all areas should be equally or more affected than Nova Scotia b=
y bird transports.<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal=
"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Both the =
Bay-breasted and Blackburnian Warbler cross the Gulf of Mexico in spring.=
The most concentrated spring migration occurs in the Ohio River Valley and=
much of the St. Lawrence River Valley. Since the winter range of the Blue-h=
eaded Vireo extends into the southeastern United States, its spring distrib=
ution is somewhat more eastward oriented and concentrated through the Appal=
achians, Maine, Maritimes and southern Quebec.<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o=
:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><p=
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none">You might be interested,=
Donna, in this paper that was published just last week: Toenies, M. J., D.=
A. W. Miller, M. R. Marshall and G. E. Stauffer. 2018. "Shifts in vegetatio=
n and avian community structure following the decline of a foundational for=
est species, the eastern hemlock." <i>The Condor</i> <b>120</b>(3): 489-506=
. I hope such studies have begun in Nova Scotia, and we should try to see t=
hat such studies are initiated if they haven=E2=80=99t been already.<o:p xm=
lns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace=
:none"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" sty=
le=3D"text-autospace:none">John<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNor=
mal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><div><div style=3D"border:no=
ne;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm"><p class=3D"Ms=
oNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:windowtext">From:</span></b=
><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:windowtext"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturen=
s-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> <<a href=3D"ma=
ilto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>> <=
b>On Behalf Of </b>Donna Crossland<br /><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, June 17, 2018=
20:09<br /><b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@c=
hebucto.ns.ca</a><br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] Lyme disease<o:p xmln=
s:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p x=
mlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><p>It's worthwhile questioning the abil=
ity of spring migrants to spread insects, such as the hemlock woolly adelgi=
d (HWA). =C2=A0 Invariably it's us humans who are the direct/indirect origi=
nal vectors of introduction (and this is the case with HWA as well).=C2=A0=
I am interested to learn more about the spring migration routes of species=
such as Bay-breasted and Blackburnian warblers, as well as Blue headed vire=
o, and other high canopy gleaners of insects in hemlock stands.=C2=A0 <o:p=
xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p>I understand that HWA has been migrating=
more or less steadily toward northern Maine over the past decades, slowed s=
omewhat by some of the colder winters.=C2=A0 Everything points to it reachi=
ng there eventually.=C2=A0 Since the pest consists of "all females", HWA ne=
eds only one new individual to start a whole new population.=C2=A0 (We can=
only hope this could lead to part of its vulnerability.)=C2=A0 <o:p xmlns:o=
=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p>HWA needs to actually land on hemlock.=C2=A0 I a=
m not certain that NB has a lot of hemlock at the border, but it likely fea=
tures much less than it once did, given the species sensitivity to fire, la=
nd clearance and clearcuts. =C2=A0 (My research in eastern NB indicated a p=
recipitous decline in expansive hemlock-dominated stands beginning in the e=
arly 1800s.)=C2=A0 There may be much less hemlock to become infested with H=
WA in NB than in southwestern NS where some impressive hemlock stands remai=
n.=C2=A0 Other plausible theories for HWA dispersal vectors to NS were from =
high wind events and nursery stock.=C2=A0 Birds seemed more likely to me,=
especially given the extremely small size of HWA and its ability to stick f=
ast to feathers.<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p>It's heart wrenching =
to watch.<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p>Donna Crossland<o:p xmlns:=
o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=
=C2=A0</o:p></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 2018-06-15 8:07 AM, John Kea=
rney wrote:<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p></div><blockquote style=3D"m=
argin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi David and al=
l,<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">That=E2=80=99s =
a very good question. I=E2=80=99ve heard the same reason given for why we=
have the Hemlock Woolley Adelgid in Nova Scotia but not in northern Maine a=
nd New Brunswick. I=E2=80=99m not aware of any evidence indicating that mor=
e spring migrants fly to Nova Scotia than Maine or New Brunswick.<o:p xmlns=
:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">John<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unkno=
wn"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p>=
</p><div><div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3=
.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</spa=
n></b><span lang=3D"EN-US"> </span><a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebuct=
o.ns.ca"><span lang=3D"EN-US">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</span></a> <a h=
ref=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><natur=
ens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca></span></a> <b><span lang=3D"EN-US">On Behalf O=
f </span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US">David<br /><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 14=
, 2018 17:10<br /><b>To:</b> </span><a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.=
ca"><span lang=3D"EN-US">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</span></a><span lang=3D"EN=
-US"><br /><b>Subject:</b> [NatureNS] Lyme disease</span><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#u=
nknown"></o:p></p></div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<o:p xmlns:o=3D"=
#unknown"></o:p></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;=
font-family:"Segoe UI ,sans-serif",serif">Dear All,</span><o:p xm=
lns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI ,sans-serif",serif">=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 In the July issue of Maclean's (p.17) are interesting data on Lyme dis=
ease incidence in Canada. The much higher incidence in NS, 21.5 times as hi=
gh as the average incidence in the other nine provinces, is attributed to "=
climate and the large number of migratory birds carrying ticks from the US.=
"</span><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNorma=
l"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI ,sans-serif&q=
uot;,serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 I don't follow why NS would be hit the hardest.</=
span><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=
<span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI ,sans-serif"=
;,serif">Yt, DW</span><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown"></o:p></p></div></blockquot=
e><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><div id=
=3D"DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns=
:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p><table class=3D"MsoNormalTable" border=3D"1=
" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt"><t=
body><tr><td width=3D"55" style=3D"width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt =
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nown"></o:p></p></td><td width=3D"470" style=3D"width:352.5pt;border:none;p=
adding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height=
:13.5pt"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans=
-serif;color:#41424E">Virus-free. </span><a href=3D"https://www.avast.com/s=
ig-email?utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=3Dlink&utm_campaign=3Dsig-em=
ail&utm_content=3Demailclient"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-fam=
ily:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#4453EA">www.avast.com</span></a><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color=
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able><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o=3D"#unknown">=C2=A0</o:p></p></div=
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Index of Subjects